Question

Short note on Mahalwari system

Answer 1

This system was introduced by Lord Hastings. The other two systems were the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793 and the Ryotiwari system in 1820. It covered the States of Punjab, Awadh and Agra , parts of Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. During the 1800s, the British tried to establish their control over the administrative machinery of India. The System of Land Revenue acted as a chief source of income of the British. Land was one of the most important source of income for the British. Thus, they used land to control the entire Revenue system, strengthening their economic condition in India.

This word is derived from a Hindi 'Mahal'.which means house, district, neighbourhood or quarter. This system consisted of landlords  or zamindars claiming to represent entire villages or even groups of villages. Along with the village communities, the landlords were jointly responsible for the payment of the revenues. But, individual responsibility was always there. The land included under this system consisted of all land of the villages, even the forestland, pastures etc.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Holt Mackenzie introduced the Mahalwari system in 1822, and Lord William Bentinck examined it in 1833. The North-West Frontier like Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, etc. all adopted this approach. This was influenced by both Ryotwari and Zamindari regimes.

Under the Mahalwari system, village headmen collected land taxes from farmers on behalf of the entire neighbourhood (and not the zamindar). - The entire hamlet was changed into a single, larger entity known as a "Mahal" in order to pay land revenue.

The village populace was thought to possess the land. The land belonged exclusively to the cultivator. Every farmer contributed their fair portion to the tax. Tax collection and payment to the company government fell under the purview of the village headman or a committee of village leaders.

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