Question

short note on nuclear compartments

Answer 1

There is much interest in recent years in the possible role of different nuclear compartments and subnuclear domains in the regulation of gene expression, signalling, and cellular functions. The nucleus contains inositol phosphates, actin and actin-binding proteins and myosin isoforms, multiple protein kinases and phosphatases targeting Cdk-1 and Cdk-2, MAPK/SAPK, and Src-related kinases and their substrates, suggesting the implication of several signalling pathways in the intranuclear organization and function of nuclear bodies (NBs). NBs include the well-characterized Cajal bodies (CBs; or coiled bodies), the nucleolus, perinucleolar and perichromatin regions, additional NBs best illustrated by the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies [PML-NBs, also named PML oncogenic dots (PODs), ND10, Kr-bodies] and similar intranuclear foci containing multi-molecular complexes with major role in DNA replication, surveillance, and repair, as well as messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly. Chromatin modifying proteins, such as the CBP acetyltransferase and type I histone deacetylase, accumulate at PML-NBs. PML-NBs and Cajal bodies are very dynamic and mobile within the nuclear space and are regulated by cellular stress (heat shock, apoptosis, senescence, heavy metal exposure, viral infection, and DNA damage responses). NBs strongly interact, using signalling mechanisms for the directional and ordered traffic of essential molecular components. NBs organize the delivery and storage of essential RNAs and proteins that play a role in transcription, pre-mRNA biosynthesis and splicing, and the sequestration and/or degradation of regulatory proteins, such as heterogenous nuclear ribonuclear proteins (hnRNPs), p53, Rb1, CBP, STAT3, and others. The objective of this review is to summarize some aspects of these nuclear structures/bodies/domains, including their proposed roles in cellular signalling and in human diseases, mainly neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.

hope it helped u
do mark me as brainliest

Answer 2

The genome of every eukaryotic cell is packaged within the cell nucleus. Conceptually, the role of the nucleus is to provide an environment suitable for both expression and maintenance of the genome. These two functions can be sub‐divided into a broad range of activities, including such diverse processes as transcription, RNA processing and export, DNA replication and DNA damage sensing and repair. In addition the genome must be tightly packaged, yet large parts of it nonetheless must be readily available as a transcriptional substrate either for basal metabolism or in response to specific stimuli.

The subdivision of biological processes into spatially and/or temporally discrete compartments confers numerous advantages. It permits the segregation of otherwise mutually exclusive processes, creates locally high concentrations of factors necessary for specific events/pathways and allows the coupling of energetically favourable and unfavourable reactions