Question

Short note on-Ortho, Meta and Para directive nature of halogens.

Answer 1

Halogen atoms show both activating and deactivating characteristics. Because they have three pairs of unshared electrons, halogen atoms can supply electrons toward the ring.

 However, because of their high electronegativities, halogen atoms also tend to remove electrons from the benzene ring. These conflicting properties make halogens a weak ortho‐para director and also a ring deactivator.
 

This means that the presence of a halogen atom on a benzene causes an incoming electrophile to attach to an ortho or para position.

The bromine is ortho to toluene, while the chlorine is para to toluene.  The ortho/para/meta directing is only important when synthesizing specific benzene-based rings. Certain substituent groups can "direct" another substituent during certain reactions.

Weakly Deactivating Ortho-Para directors
-F    -Cl    -Br    -I(fluoro)    (chloro)    (bromo)    (iodo)
Hope this will help you.