Question

short note on signals of politeness​

Answer 1

$\huge\mathfrak{\color{red}{\underline{\underline{Solution♡}}}}$

➦Pᴏʟɪᴛᴇɴᴇss ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ, ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ʙʏ Pᴇɴᴇʟᴏᴘᴇ Bʀᴏᴡɴ ᴀɴᴅ Sᴛᴇᴘʜᴇɴ C. Lᴇᴠɪɴsᴏɴ, ᴄᴇɴᴛᴇʀs ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛᴇɴᴇss, ᴄᴏɴsᴛʀᴜᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴇғғᴏʀᴛs ᴏɴ ʀᴇᴅʀᴇssɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀғғʀᴏɴᴛs ᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴ's sᴇʟғ-ᴇsᴛᴇᴇᴍs ᴏғ ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ᴄʟᴀɪᴍɪɴɢ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴠᴇ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ᴠᴀʟᴜᴇs ɪɴ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴs. Sᴜᴄʜ sᴇʟғ-ᴇsᴛᴇᴇᴍ ɪs ʀᴇғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴄɪᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ ᴏғ ғᴀᴄᴇ (ᴀs ɪɴ "sᴀᴠᴇ ғᴀᴄᴇ" ᴏʀ "ʟᴏsᴇ ғᴀᴄᴇ") ᴛᴏ ᴅɪsᴄᴜss ᴘᴏʟɪᴛᴇɴᴇss ᴀs ᴀ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴍɪᴛɪɢᴀᴛᴇ ᴏʀ ᴀᴠᴏɪᴅ ғᴀᴄᴇ-ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴛᴇɴɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴛs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ʀᴇϙᴜᴇsᴛs ᴏʀ ɪɴsᴜʟᴛs. Nᴏᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғʀᴀᴍᴇᴡᴏʀᴋ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɴᴇɢᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ғᴀᴄᴇs, ғᴀᴄᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴛᴇɴɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴛ (FTA), sᴛʀᴀᴛᴇɢɪᴇs ғᴏʀ ᴅᴏɪɴɢ FTAs ᴀɴᴅ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏɪᴄᴇs ᴏғ sᴛʀᴀᴛᴇɢɪᴇs; ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴅᴇsᴄʀɪʙᴇᴅ ʙᴇʟᴏᴡ.

Aᴍᴏɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴜᴅɪᴇs ᴏғ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛᴇɴᴇss ɪɴ ᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀᴇs ғᴏʀ ᴍᴀɴʏ ʏᴇᴀʀs, Pᴇɴᴇʟᴏᴘᴇ Bʀᴏᴡɴ ᴀɴᴅ Sᴛᴇᴘʜᴇɴ Lᴇᴠɪɴsᴏɴ's ᴘᴏʟɪᴛᴇɴᴇss ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ʜᴀs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴠᴇʀʏ ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ.Tʜᴏᴜɢʜ Bʀᴏᴡɴ ᴀɴᴅ Lᴇᴠɪɴsᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟ ᴀs ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsᴀʟʟʏ ᴀᴘᴘʟɪᴄᴀʙʟᴇ,ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ʜᴀs ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴄʜᴀʟʟᴇɴɢᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ sᴄʜᴏʟᴀʀs ɪɴ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇᴅ ᴀsᴘᴇᴄᴛs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ɪᴛs ᴄʀᴏss-ᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ᴀᴘᴘʟɪᴄᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏʀ ᴡᴀʏs ᴛᴏ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛᴜᴀʟɪᴢᴇ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛᴇɴᴇss.

Explanation:

${\small{\mathcal{\pink{ItzPalak♡︎}}}}$

Answer 2

The main principle of their theory is that politeness is achieved through the protection of a social interactant's “face”, defined as public self-image.Positive face is a positive self-image, or simply put, one's self-esteem. Negative face is the desire to act freely and be unimpeded by others.