short note on The role of accountants under Delhi Sultanate..
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Unity in the vast kingdom of the sultanate depended on reliable administrators and governors. But rather than chieftains, the sultans preferred slaves called bandagan (slaves purchased for military service and carefully trained to handle important political offices).
The use of slaves by the Delhi Sultans was criticised by the elite in the kingdom.
The Khaljis and the Tughlaqs appointed local commanders called 'iqtadar' or' muqti', and the lands given to them to manage were called 'iqtas'.
The 'iqtadars' led military campaigns, maintained law and order, collected taxes, and paid their soldiers. And their positions were not inheritable.
To keep a check on them, they were assigned 'iqtas' only for periods of time, and accountants were appointed to check the revenues they collected.
Under Alauddin Khalji, the government started collecting land revenue directly. So the rights of the local chieftains to collect taxes were cancelled, and they too were forced to pay taxes.
Three types of taxes were collected: tax on cultivation, called 'kharaj', about 50% of the peasants' produce; tax on cattle; and tax on houses.
Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq’s rule. This forced the sultans to prepare a large standing army in Delhi, and that was a huge administrative challenge.
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Anmol Kumar Describe the adminstration of allaudin khalji
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Zamir Anjum The cattle tax paid by the peasants was known as
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Function of the Central Government during the Delhi
The Sultan:
The Sultan was the head of the state and government who enjoyed unlimited power. His office was the most important in the Sultanate.
Political, legal and military authority vested in him. He was the head of the administration and was commander-in- chief of the army.
Though there were judges to hear the people in the matters of law and justice, the Sultan acted as a court of appeal against the judges.
