short note on types of negation and its interaction with scope
Answers
One of the few linguistic phenomena which seems to be universal in a very straightforward sense is negation: all human languages have means to overtly "deny the truth of a proposition" (Dahl 1993: 914). So not surprisingly, negation is one of the topics which have attracted much interest in recent linguistics from various perspectives. The semantics and syntax of sentence negation and especially the phenomenon called negative concord has been widely studied in the nineties (cf. Acquaviva 1994; Brown 1999; Haegeman 1995; Haegeman & Zanuttini 1991; Ladusaw 1992, 1994; Progovac, 1994; Ouhalla 1997; van der Wouden 1997; Wei� 1998a, b, 1999; Zanuttini 1997; Zwarts 1996, among many others). Some interest has also been contributed to special cases like presuppositional negation (Vanden Wyngaerd 1999, Zanuttini 1997) or expletive negation (Brown 1999, Espinal 1992)
Answer:
Types of Negation are
A) Explicit negation where NO is indicated by putting Not after auxiliary verb. Eg- He is not happy.
B) Affixal Negation where sentence is generally positive but negative meaning is carried by adding prefixes such as un, non, dis etc. Eg- He is unmarried.
C) Implicit negation where sentence seems to be positive but have negative meaning encoded in the word. Eg- She rejected the offer.
D) Non-verbal negation where negative element is carried in the words other than the verb such as nothing, no-one, little etc. Eg- I have nothing left.
Negation makes the sentence in the negative form and it interacts with scope by using prefix like un, dis etc, by using affixes like less, mis etc or using non or nothing.