Biology, asked by kotkarpravin, 1 year ago

Short note on useful and harmful bacteria​

Answers

Answered by harshdpatel18
258

Answer:

Explanation:

Some bacteria are good for you, including the bacteria in your digestive system, or gut. These bacteria help to break down food and keep you healthy. Other good bacteria can produce oxygen are used to create antibiotics.

Harmful effects of microorganisms: Bacteria: Causes various diseases such as typhoid, diarrhea, and cholera. Fungi: Causes a large number of diseases in plants and in animals such as rust diseases in plants, fruit rot in apple, red rot in sugar cane and ring worm disease in human beings.

Answered by marishthangaraj
10

Short note on useful and harmful bacteria​

Explanation:

Helpful Bacteria

  • Lactobacillus/ Doderlein’s bacillus

Characteristics: Gram-positive, rod-shaped

Presence: Lactobacilli species are present in milk and dairy products,

       fermented foods and also form part of our oral, intestinal and vaginal

       microflora.

The Benefit: Lactobacilli are known for their ability to utilize lactose

        and produce lactic acid, as a metabolic by product. This ability to  

        ferment lactose makes lactobacilli an important ingredient for

        preparing fermented foods. It is also an important part of the pickling

        process since lactic acid serves as a preservative.  

  • Bifidobacterium

Characteristics: Gram-positive, branched, rod-shaped

Presence: Bifidobacteria are present in the gastrointestinal tract of

       humans.

Benefit: Similar to lactobacilli these are also known for lactic acid  

       production. In addition, it also produces acetic acid. This inhibits the  

       growth of pathogenic bacteria by controlling pH levels in the  

       intestines.  

  • Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Characteristics: Gram-negative, rod-shaped

Presence: E. coli is a part of the normal microflora of small and large

       intestines.

Benefit: E. coli helps in the breakdown of undigested monosaccharide  

       sugars and thus aid digestion. These bacteria produce vitamin K and

       biotin which are essential for a variety of cellular processes.

  • Streptomyces

Characteristics: Gram-positive, filamentous

Presence: They are widely found in soil, water, and decaying matter.

      Benefit: Streptomyces spp. play an important role in soil ecology by  

       bringing about the decomposition of organic matter present in soil.

  • Rhizobia

Characteristics: Gram-negative, rod-shaped

Presence: Rhizobia are present in soil or form a symbiotic association

       with the root nodules of leguminous plants.

Benefit: Plants do not possess the ability to utilize atmospheric  

       nitrogen and are dependent on nitrogen-fixing bacteria, that is    

       present in soil.

  • Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta

Characteristics: Gram-negative, rod-shaped

Presence: Cyanobacteria are mainly aquatic bacteria but are also  

       found on bare rocks and in soil.

Benefit: Their calcification and decalcification abilities make them  

       essential for maintaining coral reef ecosystem balance.

Now example of some harmful bacteria

  • Mycobacteria

Characteristics: Neither Gram-positive or Gram-negative (due to high

       lipid content), rod-shaped

Presence: Mycobacteria are generally found in water and food.  

Disease: M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the most notorious species,    

       are the causative agents for tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively.  

  • Clostridium tetani

Characteristics: Gram-positive, box-shaped

    Presence: C. tetani spores are found in soil, skin, and the  

       gastrointestinal tract.

Disease: It enters the body through a wound, replicates there and      

       releases toxins, namely tetanospasmin (aka, spasmogenic toxin) and    

       tetanolysin. These lead to muscular spasms and respiratory failure.

  • Yersinia pestis

Characteristics: Gram-negative, rod-shaped

Presence: Y. pestis can only survive within the host, namely rodents    

        (fleas) and mammals.

Disease: An infection in the lungs caused by Y. pestis leads to    

       pneumonic plague causing coughs, difficulty in breathing, and fever.  

  • Helicobacter pylori

        Characteristics: Gram-negative, rod-shaped

        Presence: H. pylori colonizes the mucosal lining of the human  

         stomach.

        Disease: It is the leading cause for gastritis and peptic ulcers. It    

         produces cytotoxins and ammonia which damage the stomach    

         epithelium leading to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and  

         bloating.

  • Bacillus anthracis

Characteristics: Gram-positive, rod-shaped

Presence: B. anthracis is widely present in soil.

Disease: The deadly disease called anthrax is a result of a B. anthracis    

       infection, where the inhalation of B. anthracis endospores is what    

       causes this illness.  

These are the examples of some useful and harmful bacteria although this list is quite large but I have tried to conclude the most common bacterial example.

Learn more about bacteria

Bacteria are harmful to human beings." Briefly explain this statement.

https://brainly.in/question/11135400

How the bacteria present in soil and root nodules of leguminous nous plants are useful

https://brainly.in/question/5987354

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