short notes of acids , bases and salts
Answers
An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red and neutralizes bases. A substance is called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue or neutralizes acids. Salt is a neutral substance whose aqueous solution does not affect litmus.
Explanation:
Acids: Acids are sour in taste, turn blue litmus red, and dissolve in water to release H+ ions.
Example: Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Acetic Acid (CH3COOH), Nitric Acid (HNO3) etc.
Properties of Acids:
Acids have a sour taste.
Turns blue litmus red.
Acid solution conducts electricity.
Release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
Bases: Bases are bitter in taste, have soapy touch, turn red litmus blue and give hydroxide ions (OH–) in aqueous solution.
Examples: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) – NaOH
Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2
Potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) – (KOH)
Properties of Bases:
Have a bitter taste.
Soapy to touch.
Turns red litmus blue.
Conducts electricity in solution.
Release OH– ions in Aqueous Solution
Salts: Salts are the ionic compounds which are produced after the neutralization reaction between acid and base. Salts are electrically neutral. There are number of salts but sodium chloride is the most common among them. Sodium chloride is also known as table salt or common salt. Sodium chloride is used to enhance the taste of food.
Characteristics of salt:
Most of the salts are crystalline soild.
Salts may be transparent or opaque.
Most of the salts are soluble in water.
Solution of the salts conducts electricity in their molten state also.
The salt may be salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami (savoury).
Neutral salts are odourless.
Salts can be colourless or coloured.