Short notes on 0 geography manufacturing industries
Answers
Explanation:
Importance of Manufacturing :
A. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development because-
Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture.
They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
Helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty.
Helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
Exports of manufactured goods expand trade and commerce and bring much-needed foreign exchange.
India should convert its raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods in order to prosper.
III. Industrial Location:
Industries are not found everywhere. They are located at certain places only where they get favourable conditions to thrive. Industrial Location is governed mainly by the following factors:
Raw Materials
Source of Energy
Source of Water
Availability of Capital and Finance
Demand in Market
Skilled Labourers and Workers
Banking and Insurance
Transport and Communication
Many industries come together at urban centres to make use of the advantages. These are known as “agglomeration economies”.
IV. Types or Classification of Manufacturing Industries:
A] On the basis of Raw Materials:
1. Agro Based: Those industries where raw materials come from agriculture, e.g. Cotton, Woolen, Jute, Silk Textiles, Sugar, Tea, Edible Oil
2. Mineral Based: Those industries where minerals are used as raw materials, e.g. Iron & Steel, Cement, Aluminum, Machine Tools etc.
B] On the basis of their Main Role:
1. Basic Industries: Those industries which provide raw material to other industries are called basic industries. These industries help the development of other industries, e.g. Iron and Steel, Copper and Aluminum Smelting
2. Consumer Industries: Those industries which produce goods for consumers are called consumer industries. Finished goods of these industries are directly sold in the market for consumers, e.g. Sugar, Toothpaste, Soap, Bread, Paper etc.
C] On the basis of Capital Investment:
1. Small Scale Industries: Those industries where investment of capital is less than Rupees one crore are called as small scale industries, e.g. Mat, Furniture, Toys, Bread, Tools etc.
2. Large Scale Industries: Those industries where investment of capital is more than Rupees one crore are called as large scale industries, e.g. Iron & Steel, Petrochemicals, Cotton Textiles etc.
D] On the basis of Ownership:
1. Public Sector: These industries are owned, operated and maintained by Govt. e.g. BHEL, SAIL, IISCO
2. Private Sector: These industries are owned, operated and maintained by individual or group of individuals, e.g. TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., etc.
3. Joint Sector: These industries are jointly run by Govt. and group of individuals. It is mixture of public and private sector, e.g. Oil India Ltd. [OIL].
4. Cooperative Sector: These industries are owned, operated and maintained by supplier of raw materials and workers of the industries, e.g. Sugar industries in Maharashtra, Coir industries in Kerala.
E] On the basis of Finished Goods [Output]:
1. Heavy Industries: Those industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and produce heavy goods in large quantity are called heavy industries, e.g. Iron and Steel, Copper Smelting.
2. Light Industries: Those industries which use light and small raw materials and produce light goods are called light industries, e.g. Electrical, Toys, Tools, Utensils etc.