✔✔Short notes on acid,bases and salts...class 10th...✔✔
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✔✔On the basis of origin, acids are classified as :
a. Organic acids: Acids derived from living organisms like plants and animals . For example: citric acid is present in fruits, acetic acid present in vinegar, oxalic acid present in tomato, tartaric acid present in tamarind, lactic acid present in sour milk and curd.
b. Mineral acids: They are also called inorganic acids. They are dangerous Example sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) etc.
? On the basis of their strength, acids are classified as :
a. Strong acids: Completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions.
Example: Nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl).
b. Weak acids: Weak acids are those acids which do not completely dissociate into
its ions in aqueous solutions. For example: carbonic acid (H2CO), acetic acid (CH3COOH).
? On the basis of their concentration, acids are classified as :
a. Dilute acids: Have a low concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
b. Concentrated acids: Have a high concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
? On the basis of number of hydrogen ion, acids can be classified as :
Monoprotic acid � Such type of acid produces one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., HCl , HNO3
Diprotic acid � They can produce two moles of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., H2SO4.
Triprotic acid � They produce three moles of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., H3PO4.
Polyprotic � They can produce more than three H+ ions per mole of acid.
? Properties of Base:
� Produce hydroxide ions [OH �] in H2O.
� Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
� Bitter Taste
� Turn Red Litmus blue.
� Act as electrolytes in Solution.
� Neutralize solutions containing H+ ions.
� Have a slippery, �soapy� feel.
� Dissolve fatty material.
? On the basis of their strength, bases are classified as:
a. Strong bases: Strong bases are those bases which completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions. Example: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH).
b. Weak bases: Weak bases are those bases which do not completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions. For example: ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
? On the basis of their concentration, bases are classified as:
a. Dilute bases: Have a low concentration of alkali in aqueous solutions.
b. Concentrated bases: Have a high concentration of alkali in aqueous solutions.
? Strength Of Acid Or Base Solutions:
A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, called pH scale has been developed. The p in pH stands for �potenz� in German, meaning power.
p= potential or Power H = Hydrogen
pH =7 Neutral Solution H3O+ = OH
pH>7 Basic Solution H3O+ < OH
pH<7 Acidic Solution H3O+ > OH
here's your answer..⬇⬇⬇
✔✔On the basis of origin, acids are classified as :
a. Organic acids: Acids derived from living organisms like plants and animals . For example: citric acid is present in fruits, acetic acid present in vinegar, oxalic acid present in tomato, tartaric acid present in tamarind, lactic acid present in sour milk and curd.
b. Mineral acids: They are also called inorganic acids. They are dangerous Example sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) etc.
? On the basis of their strength, acids are classified as :
a. Strong acids: Completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions.
Example: Nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl).
b. Weak acids: Weak acids are those acids which do not completely dissociate into
its ions in aqueous solutions. For example: carbonic acid (H2CO), acetic acid (CH3COOH).
? On the basis of their concentration, acids are classified as :
a. Dilute acids: Have a low concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
b. Concentrated acids: Have a high concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
? On the basis of number of hydrogen ion, acids can be classified as :
Monoprotic acid � Such type of acid produces one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., HCl , HNO3
Diprotic acid � They can produce two moles of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., H2SO4.
Triprotic acid � They produce three moles of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., H3PO4.
Polyprotic � They can produce more than three H+ ions per mole of acid.
? Properties of Base:
� Produce hydroxide ions [OH �] in H2O.
� Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
� Bitter Taste
� Turn Red Litmus blue.
� Act as electrolytes in Solution.
� Neutralize solutions containing H+ ions.
� Have a slippery, �soapy� feel.
� Dissolve fatty material.
? On the basis of their strength, bases are classified as:
a. Strong bases: Strong bases are those bases which completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions. Example: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH).
b. Weak bases: Weak bases are those bases which do not completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions. For example: ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
? On the basis of their concentration, bases are classified as:
a. Dilute bases: Have a low concentration of alkali in aqueous solutions.
b. Concentrated bases: Have a high concentration of alkali in aqueous solutions.
? Strength Of Acid Or Base Solutions:
A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, called pH scale has been developed. The p in pH stands for �potenz� in German, meaning power.
p= potential or Power H = Hydrogen
pH =7 Neutral Solution H3O+ = OH
pH>7 Basic Solution H3O+ < OH
pH<7 Acidic Solution H3O+ > OH
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