Question

short notes on mutation breeding

Answer 1

Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds. From 1930 to 2014 more than 3200 mutagenic plant varieties were released[1][2] that have been derived either as direct mutants (70%) or from their progeny (30%).[3] Crop plants account for 75% of released mutagenic species with the remaining 25% ornamentals or decorative plants.[4] However, although the FAO/IAEA reported in 2014 that over 1,000 mutant varieties of major staple crops were being grown worldwide,[1] it is unclear how many of these varieties are currently used in agriculture or horticulture around the world, as these seeds are not always identified or labeled as being mutagen or having a mutagenic provenance.

Answer 2

Mutation Breeding:

• Mutation is the sudden change in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material.
• It results from the error in DNA replication, recombination.  
• Mutation arises spontaneously or by chemical mutagens.
• Mutation breeding involves the mutatant production followed by breeding.
• It is the classical method of plant breeding.
• It was first initiated by L.J. Stadler in 1928.
• In mutation breeding, the desirable mutation is induced by physical or chemical mutagens.  
• After that, the mutants are bred with other cultivars to produce new varieties with desirable traits.  

Learn more about Mutational Breeding

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