Question

short notes on production of chemical compound

Answer 1

Chemical Compounds

The whole‐number ratios of combining masses in chemical reactions can be readily explained knowing that the basic unit of all elements is the atom, which originally meant an indivisible particle. Therefore, one atom of carbon can react with either one atom of oxygen,

or two atoms of oxygen,

 equation

but not with, say, equation oxygen atoms. The reactions of carbon with oxygen are shown using chemical equations with reactants on the left and products on the right of the arrow.

A substance containing atoms of more than one element in a definite ratio is called a compound. The composition of a compound is shown in its chemical formula. In the chemical reaction of carbon and oxygen to form carbon dioxide, the elements are in a definite 1:2 ratio—one atom of carbon with two atoms of oxygen forming the compound carbon dioxide. When several atoms are so tightly bonded together that they physically behave as a unit, the unit is called a molecule. (See Figure 1.) Elements and compounds can be molecular. In the carbon dioxide reaction, the O 2 molecule contains 2 atoms of oxygen, and the CO 2 molecule has 3 atoms—1 carbon and 2 oxygen.

Five major compounds are built solely of nitrogen and oxygen, as shown in Table 1. Of the five oxides of nitrogen, nitrous oxide is richest in nitrogen, and dinitrogen pentoxide is richest in oxygen.

Answer 2

• Chemical substances are often called 'pure' to set them apart from mixtures. A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in pure form are diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride) and refined sugar (sucrose). However, in practice, no substance is entirely pure, and chemical purity is specified according to the intended use of the chemical.
• Steam and liquid water are two different forms of the same chemical substance, water.
• A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.