Short questions
1. Define Ecology
2. Define Ecosystem
3. What are macro and micro nutrients ? How do micro nutrients become a limiting
factor?
4. Write about two ecological factors that affect living organisms.
5. What are the two broad categories of species interactions?
6. Give two examples of obligatory mutualism.
7. What is neutralism? Give examples.
8. What is meant by co evolution?
Answers
1. Ecology is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment, which includes both biotic and abiotic components.
2. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
3. Nutrients can be divided into 2 categories: macronutrients, and micronutrients. Macronutrients are those nutrients that the body needs in large amounts. These provide the body with energy (calories). Micronutrients are those nutrients that the body needs in smaller amounts.
4. Ecosystems are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists. Some examples of abiotic factors are water, soil, air, sunlight, temperature, and minerals.
5. Relationships between members of an ecological community can be classified within two broad categories, direct effects and indirect effect.
6. In obligate mutualism, one organism cannot survive without the other. This term is easy to remember because both organisms are obligated, or forced to, rely on one another. An example of obligate mutualism is the relationship between ants and the Acacia plant. The plant provides food for the ant, as well as shelter.
7. Neutralism is the most common type of interspecific interaction. ... An example of neutralism would be the interaction between rainbow trout and dandelions living in a mountain valley.
8. the context of evolutionary biology, coevolution refers to the evolution of at least two species, which occurs in a mutually dependent manner. ... An example is the coevolution of flowering plants and associated pollinators (e.g., bees, birds, and other insect species).
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