short summary and important question of chapter age of industrialisation..... only relevant answers
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Q.13. Give one negative impact of the development of cotton textile industry in England on Indian weavers. [2010]
Ans. They could not get enough supply of raw cotton of good quality. The American Civil War stopped the supply of raw cotton to England and the British forced Indian weavers to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices.
Q.14. Explain the miserable conditions of Indian weavers during the East India Company's regime in the eighteenth century. [2008, 2010]
Ans. Once the East India Company established political power, it started asserting monopoly right to trade. It proceeded to develop a system which gave it control to eliminate all competition, control costs and ensure regular supply of cotton and silk goods. It took the following steps.
First, it eliminated the existing traders and brokers and established direct control over the weaver. It appointed a special officer called the 'gomastha' to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of the clothes.
Second, it prevented the Company weavers from dealing with other buyers. They advanced loans to weavers to purchase the raw materials, after placing an order. The ones who took loans had to give their cloth to the gomashta. They could not sell it to any other trader.
Weavers took advance, hoping to earn more. Some weavers even leased out their land to devote all time to weaving. The entire family became engaged in weaving. But soon there were fights between the weavers and the gomashtas. The latter used to march into villages with sepoys and often beat up the weavers for delays in supply.
In many places like Carnatic and Bengal, weavers deserted the villages and had to migrate to other villages. In many places they revolted against the Company and its officials. Weavers began refusing to accept loans after some time, closed down their workshops and became agricultural labour.
Q.15. Write a short note on the role of advertisement during the British rule. [2008, 2010]
Ans. Manchester industrialists used their labels on clothes sold in India with bold letters, “Made in Manchester” to inspire confidence amongst the buyers. Images were sometimes used instead of labels. Common images of the time were images of Gods and Goddesses, probably to give the product a divine approval. Sometimes, figures of emperors and nawabs also adorned calendars, which were an effective advertising tool as they could be hung and used by everyone and everywhere.
OR
How did the British manufacturers attempt to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements? Explain with three examples. [2008, 2010]
OR Explain four ways that helped the British to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements.
Ans.
(i) When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles. The label served two purposes. One was to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the people. The second was that the label was also a mark of quality. When the buyers saw “Made in Manchester” written in bold on the label, they felt confident about buying the cloth.
(ii) Besides words and texts, they also carried images. Beautifully illustrated images of Indian Gods and Goddesses appeared on these labels. For example, images of Kartika, Laxmi, Saraswati were shown on imported cloth label.
(iii) Historic figures like those of Maharaja Ranjit Singh were used to create respect for the product. The image, the labels, the historic figures were intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land appear somewhat familiar to Indian people.
(iv) Manufacturers printed calendars to popularise their products calendars could be used ever by people who could not read. Advertisement could be seen day after day, throughout the year, when hung on the walls.
Q.13. Give one negative impact of the development of cotton textile industry in England on Indian weavers. [2010]
Ans. They could not get enough supply of raw cotton of good quality. The American Civil War stopped the supply of raw cotton to England and the British forced Indian weavers to buy raw cotton at exorbitant prices.
Q.14. Explain the miserable conditions of Indian weavers during the East India Company's regime in the eighteenth century. [2008, 2010]
Ans. Once the East India Company established political power, it started asserting monopoly right to trade. It proceeded to develop a system which gave it control to eliminate all competition, control costs and ensure regular supply of cotton and silk goods. It took the following steps.
First, it eliminated the existing traders and brokers and established direct control over the weaver. It appointed a special officer called the 'gomastha' to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of the clothes.
Second, it prevented the Company weavers from dealing with other buyers. They advanced loans to weavers to purchase the raw materials, after placing an order. The ones who took loans had to give their cloth to the gomashta. They could not sell it to any other trader.
Weavers took advance, hoping to earn more. Some weavers even leased out their land to devote all time to weaving. The entire family became engaged in weaving. But soon there were fights between the weavers and the gomashtas. The latter used to march into villages with sepoys and often beat up the weavers for delays in supply.
In many places like Carnatic and Bengal, weavers deserted the villages and had to migrate to other villages. In many places they revolted against the Company and its officials. Weavers began refusing to accept loans after some time, closed down their workshops and became agricultural labour.
Q.15. Write a short note on the role of advertisement during the British rule. [2008, 2010]
Ans. Manchester industrialists used their labels on clothes sold in India with bold letters, “Made in Manchester” to inspire confidence amongst the buyers. Images were sometimes used instead of labels. Common images of the time were images of Gods and Goddesses, probably to give the product a divine approval. Sometimes, figures of emperors and nawabs also adorned calendars, which were an effective advertising tool as they could be hung and used by everyone and everywhere.
OR
How did the British manufacturers attempt to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements? Explain with three examples. [2008, 2010]
OR Explain four ways that helped the British to take over the Indian market with the help of advertisements.
Ans.
(i) When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles. The label served two purposes. One was to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the people. The second was that the label was also a mark of quality. When the buyers saw “Made in Manchester” written in bold on the label, they felt confident about buying the cloth.
(ii) Besides words and texts, they also carried images. Beautifully illustrated images of Indian Gods and Goddesses appeared on these labels. For example, images of Kartika, Laxmi, Saraswati were shown on imported cloth label.
(iii) Historic figures like those of Maharaja Ranjit Singh were used to create respect for the product. The image, the labels, the historic figures were intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land appear somewhat familiar to Indian people.
(iv) Manufacturers printed calendars to popularise their products calendars could be used ever by people who could not read. Advertisement could be seen day after day, throughout the year, when hung on the walls.
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