Question

short summary of chapter towns , traders , and craftsperson in hindi​

Answer 1

Answer:

Merchants, artisans (such as weavers), native traders and craftspersons lived in the 'Black Towns'.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Thanjavur, the capital of the Cholas, as it was a thousand years ago- perennial river Kaveri flows near-can hear the bells of the Rajarajeshvara temple built by King Rajaraja Chola-architect Kunjaramallan Rajaraja Perunthachchan-his name carved on the temple wall-Inside is a massive Shiva linga-Besides the temple are palaces with mandapas or pavilions-Kings hold court in these mandapas- issue orders to their subordinates-barracks for the army are there-bustling with markets selling grain, spices, cloth and jewellery-Water supply comes from wells and tanks-Saliya weavers of Thanjavur and the nearby town of Uraiyur produce cloth for flags to be pursued in the temple festival, fine cotton for the king and nobility and coarse cotton for the masses-Some distance away at Svamimalai, the sthapatis or sculptors make exquisite bronze idols and tall, ornamental bell metal lamps.

Temple Towns and Pilgrimage Centres

Thanjavur-example of a temple town-represent a very important pattern of urbanisation, the process by which cities develop-Temples central to the economy and society-built temples to demonstrate their devotion to various deities-endowed temples with grants of land and money to carry out elaborate rituals, feed pilgrims and priests and celebrate festivals-Pilgrims who flocked to the temples also made donations. Temple authorities used their wealth to finance trade and banking. Temple town grew as a large number of priests, workers, artisans, traders, etc. settled near the temple to cater to its needs and those of the pilgrims. Temple Towns emerged-around temples such as those of Bhillasvamin (Bhilsa or Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh), and Somnath in Gujarat- other important temple towns-Kanchipuram and Madurai in Tamil Nadu and Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh. Pilgrimage centres developed into townships- Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh) and Tiruvannamalai (Tamil Nadu) are examples. Ajmer (Rajasthan)-capital of the Chauhan kings in the 12th century-later became the suba headquarters under the Mughals-provides an excellent example of religious coexistence-Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti, the celebrated Sufi saint settled