should small mammals like rats have more RBCs or large mammals like elephants.explain
Answers
Explanation:
Cells from the smallest to the largest of mammals often seem to be “one size fits all.” Now a closer look reveals that whether a cell lives in an elephant, mouse or something in between can make a big difference in its life.
Researchers from the UF Genetics Institute, Harvard Medical School and other institutions developed mathematical models that they used to examine 18 cell types from mammals ranging from mice to elephants. They found two basic categories — cells that stay the same size but have drastically different energy needs that depend on the size of the mammal, or cells that grow larger in larger mammals and use energy at the same rate, no matter the mammal’s size.
The discovery, published in March in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, begins to answer questions about how the size of an organism helps determine the life span of its cells, a finding that could help cell biologists and physiologists understand cell and organ function and their relation to disease.
“Although cells are basic building blocks, their metabolic rates depend on where they find themselves living,” said Harvard Medical School’s Van M. Savage, the lead author of the research. “Conceptually this is important because huge amounts of research on human diseases are done on single cells or cultured cells that come from other animals and little is done to place these findings within the context of the size or other whole-body properties of the animals.”
Generally, the size of a species of mammal sets the pace of its life, Savage said. The life spans of a mouse and elephant can differ by more than 70 years, and it takes a mouse 20 days of gestation before delivering a baby compared with more than 600 days for an elephant. The larger the animal, the slower its cellular metabolic rate — the speed at which it burns oxygen — and life processes.
The question of whether cells are bigger in larger mammals than in smaller ones — think of an elephant’s liver cell compared with a liver cell from a mouse — is usually answered by saying that larger mammals don’t typically have bigger cells, they just have more of them.
Liver cells, red blood cells and other cell types that frequently divide and replace themselves are about the same size, but more permanent, long-lived cells, such as brain and fat cells, are indeed larger in large mammals.
They are about the same size, bigger animals just have more cells. You see, an important part of cells is maintaining a specific surface area to volume ratio. This ratio changes when the cell gets bigger or smaller, and that disrupts several life processes, so similar cells are usually similarly sized.
On the one hand humans and animals have a different PCV (packed cell volume, hematocrit) – humans: 37-50%, dog: 37-55%, cat: 24-45%, horse: 24-48%, that means that the number of red blood cells differs a lot between the species.