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Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. There are three main horizons (called A, B, and C) which are present in all soil.
Organic - The organic layer (also called the humus layer) is a thick layer of plant remains such as leaves and twigs.
Topsoil - Topsoil is considered the "A" horizon. ...
Subsoil - Subsoil is considered the "B" horizon. g/cm3
Bulk density is an indicator of soil compaction. It is calculated as the dry weight of soil divided by its volume. This volume includes the volume of soil particles and the volume of pores among soil particles. Bulk density is typically expressed in g/cm3.Soil Types
Sandy soil. Sandy Soil is light, warm, dry and tend to be acidic and low in nutrients. ...
Clay Soil. Clay Soil is a heavy soil type that benefits from high nutrients. ...
Silt Soil. Silt Soil is a light and moisture retentive soil type with a high fertility rating. ...
Peat Soil. ...
Chalk Soil. ...
Loam Soil.Importance
Soils provide anchorage for roots, hold water and nutrients. Soils are home to myriad micro-organisms that fix nitrogen and decompose organic matter, and armies of microscopic animals as well as earthworms and termites. We build on soil as well as with it and in it. Soil plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystem.