Show how ‘Every Man In His Humour’ illustrates Jonson’s theory of comedy.
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Ben Jonson’s plays are the quintessential examples of “comedy of humours,” a type of drama in which the characters are identified with one or more of the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile). Jonson suggested that a person had a “true” humour as well as an “adopted” humour, an affectation in mannerism, clothing, speech, etc. Jonson begins Every Man Out of His Humour with an evocation of this theory: “Some one / peculiar quality / Doth so possess a man, that it doth draw / All his affects, his spirits, and his powers, / In their confluctions, all to run one way” (see Prologue, Project Gutenberg e-text of play).
The term “humour” comes from the Latin humor or umor, which means liquid. According to medieval and Renaissance thinking, a person had a healthy mind and body when their humours were balanced. Blood was associated with a sanguine disposition, such as being overly optimistic and very social. Yellow bile, choler, was seen to produce aggression. Black bile produced melancholy and depression. Phlegm was associated with apathy. If these were imbalanced, then a person would be prone to a number of issues and perhaps even be considered mentally ill.
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