Question

show the presence of chlorine atom in the given organic compound'p'

Answer 1

Detection Of  Chlorine In organic compound :

Step1 :

Chlorine is made to react with sodium metal to form Sodium chloride .

Na + Cl ----> NaCl

Step2:
Sodium chloride on reaction with Silver nitrate gives white precipitate of Silver Chloride and sodium nitrate.

NaCl + AgNO3  ----> AgCl↓ +NaNO3

Step 3:
The precipitate formed is soluble in Ammonium hydroxide .

AgCl + 2NH₄OH ---> Ag(NH3)₂Cl +2H₂O                                 
                                      (Soluble )

Answer 2

The most commonly used test to detect the presence of any halogen in a given organic compound is the Lassaigne’s test. For this method, acidification is first done by adding nitric acid to the extract of sodium fusion. The resultant product is then treated with silver nitrate (AgNO₃).

The chlorine that is present in the organic compound will react with the sodium to form sodium chloride, which when treated with AgNO3 will form silver chloride.

The following are reactions representing this test:-

Na + Cl → NaCl

NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl + NaNO₃

AgCl + 2NH₄OH → [Ag (NH₃)₂] Cl + 2H₂O

The nitrogen or the sulphur present in the organic compounds are expelled by boiling the extract as they may hinder the halogen detecting tests.