shushrutu samhita ancient medical science of india write in about 200 words with discovery names years
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Plastic surgery is a field of medical science associated with correcting the form and function of a body part. Many deformities and functional deficiencies can be partially or completely eliminated with the help of this science. Greek word “Plastikos” has the origin of this procedure which means fit to mould.
Reconstruction and cosmetic are two aspects of plastic surgery. Although a surgery may be carried out for both reconstructive and cosmetic purposes, there are some surgeries that are intended to purely heal and reconstruct the functional aspect. Others may focus on aesthetic aspect but the base of a cosmetic surgery lies in reconstructive approach.
When a tumor inside the brain has to be operated for reconstruction, it is a reconstructive plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures are usually done to improve self-confidence and enhance apparent beauty.
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The normal body structures like nose, cheeks, chin etc. may be reconstructed surgically or non-surgically in order to obtain desired shape. Candidates who opt for cosmetic surgery must carry a positive outlook and a realistic attitude to see desired changes in self-image. Its purpose should solely be a higher self-esteem and it should never be sought as a way to impress anyone or change yourself as others expect you to look like.
Treatment of burns, microsurgery and hand surgery are some other types of plastic surgery. Sushruta is known to be the father of Surgery and is known to make contributions to the field of surgical operations in 6th century B.C. It is believed that the reconstructive surgical procedures were in place by 800 B.C. Walter Yeo is the first person known to have got benefit from plastic surgery in 1917. Even the ancient Romans are known to have carried out plastic surgery to reconstruct body parts like ears. It was only after anesthesia like techniques were devised that plastic surgery became a painless process. Gradually sterile techniques were introduced to reduce chances of infection. Antibiotics like penicillin and sulfonamide made these elective surgeries even more effective.
Skin grafting is the most common technique used in plastic surgery. The source of this skin tissue may be the donor or the recipient. Functional deficits resulting from burns, injuries from a traumatic incident, fracture of facial bones, cancers or tumors, developmental complications etc. are possible to correct using the reconstructive plastic surgery.
Thus hand surgery, repair of scars, breast reduction plasty, breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, creating an outer ear missing congenitally, etc. are some reconstructive types of plastic procedures. Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, craniofacial surgery in children and adults, reconstructing benign lesions of skin, head and neck through surgical and laser treatment are others in the category.
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Cosmetic surgery is another procedure which is done to improve physical appearance and reduce signs of aging in a person. Botox and injectable fillers used on face, eyelid surgery for cosmetic and functional purposes, cosmetic ear surgery, facelift surgery, liposuction, lifting and shaping procedures of the body and cosmetic breast surgery are some types of commonly done cosmetic surgical procedures.
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