signifiance of biodiversity
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[]■■■ Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species no matter how small, all have an important role to play... For example ....a large number of plant species means a greater variety of crops...Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms ■■■[]
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Significance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part, this includes diversity within species, between species and described it as the library of life, which means a variety of all genes, species and ecosystems that are found on our planet. It includes all the species of microorganisms, plants and animals living in water, land and air.
Biodiversity in India
India has tremendous biodiversity, genetic as well as of species and ecosystems, with different types of habitat ranging from rain forests of north east to hot deserts of Rajasthan, it lies at the junction of three biogeographical provinces
Benefits of biodiversity
Biodiversity gives us a framework for managing renewable natural resources, whether it is in view of conserving biodiversity or putting terrestrial or aquatic resources to use. In our daily lives, we are in contact with and choose different levels of biodiversity as regards our food, leisure activities and work . It plays a number of vital environmental and developmental roles that are not accorded economic value but are crucial to human future (Khan, 1998).
Birds are most useful to humans as destroyers of harmful insects and as consumers of weed seeds. Predatory birds such as hawk, eagle, and owl are essential because they keep down the populations of rats, mice, and other rodents that would otherwise devour valuable food crops
One of the most interesting aspects of biodiversity is the way in which it collectively provides us with “Free Services. In Chesapeake Bay (US) the Oyster plays a very crucial role in water purification. Today, the Oyster population of Bay filters a volume of water equal to that of the entire bay about once a year. Before various factors, most human driven, led to the decline of the Oyster population, it filtered a volume equal to the entire bay about once a week (Lovejoy, 1994).
Domestication of Wild mammals has helped to provide a source of protein for every increasing human populations and provided means of transportation and heavy work as well. Today, domesticated strains of the house mouse, European rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and other species provide much a needed laboratory subjects for the study of humans related physiology, psychology, and a variety of diseases from dental caries to cancer. Wild mammals are a major source of food in some parts of the world.
Threats to biodiversity
Human activities are causing major impacts on natural environments at local and global scales, producing changes to the number, identity and relative density of species in assemblages. These human activities threaten the existence of many organisms by destroying their habitat or directly affecting their survival and reproduction success (Green and Hirons, 1991) and lead to many types of environmental changes which influence the processes that can both augment or erode diversity
Mankind has always used and ultimately has become widely dependent on various aspects of diversity. For millennia the balance between human and other biota was sustainable, for although there is evidence of some human induced extension in times long past the impact of people on the environment had only rather limited irreversible effects. That however, has changed in 20th century as a result of a combination and interaction of industrialisation, rising living standards, consumption impacts and even increasing human population. As a consequence, biodiversity began to be lost as our utilisation of genetic and other resources was no longer sustainable and species began to disappear at rates estimated to be up to 50 species per day (Myer, 1993).
One of the greatest threats to species biodiversity and ecosystem function may result from the high density and rapid growth of the human population. The growth and expansion of prehuman and human populations has long displaced other species and led to their extinction, starting in the Pliocene and accelerating in the Holocene (Klein, 2000, and McKee, 2001, 2003).
There are four main threats for drastic decline of wildlife such as:-
Today is Biodiversity Day
* Habitat loss or habitat modification by deforestation, urbanization and agricultural development etc.
* Over exploitation for food and commercial purposes.
* Pollution caused by pesticides, radioactive wastes and wastes from industry.
* Introduction of exotic species, which threatened the natural flora and fauna by predation, competition or by altering natural habitat.