Significance of social policy in the context of welfare state and social justice.
Answers
As an academic subject, social policy gained prominence in British universities after the Second World War when the rapid expansion of key public services prompted interest in the emerging ‘welfare state’. In its early days the subject was primarily concerned with what William Beveridge, the chief architect of the British welfare state, had termed the ‘five giants’. In modern terms, these giants were poverty, ill-health, poor housing, insufficient education and unemployment. For Beveridge, tackling these social ills was an essential part of post-War reconstruction. The roll out of services to address these social ills marked a distinct shift in social citizenship and it was only natural that a new body of scholars would turn their attention to this important aspect of government policy.
However, over the course of the post-War period, social policy analysts began to identify gaps in the Beveridgean welfare state. Some highlighted the persistence of poverty amidst plenty. Others pointed to ‘hidden’ giants of sexism and racism that the welfare state had failed to address. These criticisms reflected not only a concern with the weaknesses of government policy but a broadening of the focus of the academic subject of social policy which began to draw much more widely on ideas from sociology and political science and adopted a more critical perspective on the welfare state.
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