silk and its processing
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process if silk.....
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons.The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colors.
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Answer:
silk is the ultimate natural luxury raw material and fibre. The cultivation of domesticated silkworms is, by nature, an inherently sustainable process, but there are ethical issues; the commercial production of silk involves destroying the silkworm before it emerges from its cocoon. Sericulture is the term used to describe this production of cultivated silk. Intensive silkworm breeding depends on a highly developed agricultural system capable of sustaining the large-scale cultivation of mulberry trees, which are the moth’s food source.
The cocoons are first thrown into a cauldron of boiling water, to soften the sericin gum that binds the filaments together. Once the ends of the filaments have been located by brushing the prepared cocoons are then transferred to reeling basins where a number of cocoons are unwound simultaneously.
The resulting filaments are grouped together to produce a single thread, and are taken by the machine feeding device, and then transferred to the reeling or winding machines. Several filaments at a time are reeled onto a bobbin to produce one long smooth thread.
Finally the reeled threads are thrown. Throwing is the twisting together of two or more threads together to give greater strength and substance to the yarn. The filament from a single cocoon is not strong enough to withstand weaving, so four to six filaments are twisted together. The finest fabrics are woven from thread made by reeling together the filaments of only four cocoons.
As the process of harvesting the silk filaments from a cultivated cocoons kills the larvae, the ethics of sericulture has been criticised by animal rights groups on the grounds that traditional silk production destroys the emerging animals, preventing them from living out their natural lifecycle.
The provenance of silk has been controversial from an ethical perspective for many centuries. Buddhists traditionally only allowed the use of wild silks that allowed the creature to live. Mahatma Gandhi was also critical of silk production based on the Jain Indian Ahisma philosophy to “not hurt any living thing’. The following silk alternatives are common to the Indian subcontinent: