Simple essay on rain water harvesting In 800 words
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Answer:
Explanation:Introduction
Rainwater Harvesting is a method of storing rainwater, to be used in several domestic and agricultural activities. The basic idea is to not let the rainwater runoff and get wasted, rather to collect it by simple mechanism so that it can be used during scarcity of water. In the following essay we will explore the importance of rainwater harvesting, its methods and systems and how it is traditionally done in rural India. Below is a complete Essay on Rainwater Harvesting with Subheadings/Subtitles and Conclusion.
Rainwater Harvesting Methods/Rainwater Harvesting System
Primarily there are two types of rainwater harvesting methods as classified below-
1) Surface Runoff Harvesting
Surface runoff is a term used for precipitation that falls on the surface of earth and is subsequently lost to the environment. If elaborate arrangements are made to collect surface runoff water by providing it a path into a pond or tank; gallons of water could be stored to be used for several activities.
If designed efficiently, a system to collect surface runoff water can collect huge quantities of runoff from roads, parks, and gardens etc enough to sustain a small community or even a city. However, runoff water contains impurities; therefore, it must be passed through filtration process before it could be reused.
2) Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting
In roof top rainwater harvesting, the roof of a house or building functions as a catchment area for collecting rainwater. The water falling on the roof is diverted through a network or pipes to the desired pit or tank. It is by far the most economical and easy method of rainwater harvesting.
Houses or buildings with sloping roof can install gutters on the edges to collect the falling rain and to carry it to the destination using pipes or artificially created ditch. Though, care must be taken to flush out the water collected from first rain as it contains soluble impurities.
Rainwater Harvesting in India
In some places in India, still very traditional and ancient methods of rainwater harvesting are followed. These methods have proved successful in past and are still used in rural as well as urban India. Some of the significant traditional methods of rainwater harvesting in India are listed below-
1) Madakas
This traditional method of rainwater harvesting is followed in tropical belt of southern states of Karnataka and Kerala. These regions are rich in laterite soil with naturally occurring depressions with three high sides. The three sides automatically function as the catchment area for collection of water in the depression. A small dam is constructed on the low lying fourth end of the depression to contain the runoff.
2) Surangaas
Surangas are traditional water harvesting system only used in Kasargod district of south Indian state of Kerala. The soil found in this region is hard laterite which is favorable for the construction of suranga (cave). Suranga is like a horizontal cave excavated in hilly terrain of the area, through which water oozes out and is thus collected in a pond.
3) Taankas
Taankas are part of a traditional rainwater harvesting method practiced in the western state of Gujarat. Taankas are basically underground reservoirs with a capacity of storing thousands of liters of rainwater. Presently there are around ten thousand household in Gujarat’s capital city of Ahmadabad those are using taankas to meet their everyday water requirements. Water stored in a taanka is sealed against sunlight and therefore remains fresh for years.
Importance of Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting provides an independent source of water supply during the scarcity of water. It becomes more valuable in context to the places where rain is scarce and uncertain. Also, in areas where fresh water is a costly commodity, preserving rain water is more economical option. Rain water thus preserved can be used to meet several household requirements like – washing and cleaning, gardening etc.
In case of unforeseen natural calamities like famine and droughts, rainwater harvesting might prove to be a blessing for the sufferers. Another significance of rain water harvesting is that it reduces the demand of water from other natural resources like wells, ponds and lakes, thus, preventing their depletion.
Conclusion
Water is most essential and precious resource, necessary for life on the planet. It can’t be wasted and every drop of it must be preserved to be reused in need. Rains on the other hand are vital source of fresh water, only if we have elaborate arrangements to collect it. Here, begins the concept of “Rainwater Harvesting”. Every year we lose thousands of liters of rainwater due to the lack of awareness about rainwater harvesting. It’s high time that we realize its usefulness to the nature and to the society as well and start implementing it in our house, buildings, parks, for a safe and water abundant future.
Answer:
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Nature has endowed India with huge water resources. We have perennial rivers like Ganga, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, Beas and others along with their tributaries and distributaries besides in North and Eastern India, we have spring fed and rain fed rivers in central and peninsular India-the major among these being- Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Tapti and Kaveri.
These huge potential water resources notwithstanding, we are facing a water crisis across the country. Over the years, rising population, growing industrialisation and expanding agriculture have pushed up the demand for water. Monsoon is still the main hope of our agriculture.
Water conservation has become the need of the day. Rainwater harvesting is a way to capture the rainwater at the time of downpour, store that water above the ground or charge the underground water and use it later.
This happens in open areas as well as in congested cities through the installation of required equipment. The collection and storage of rainwater from run-off areas such as roofs and other surfaces has been practised since ancient times in India. It is particularly useful where water supply is inadequate. If the collection and storage equipment is designed carefully it is possible for a family of four persons to live for a year in areas where annual rainfall is as little as 100 mm. Observations in some other countries like Zimbabwe, Botswana and Israel have shown that up to 85 per cent of all measurable rain can be collected and stored from outside catchment areas.
This includes light drizzle and dew condensation which occurs in many parts of the country during drier months. A study has shown that if the rainfall is 635 mm per year, the run-off from a suitable catchment area can be as high as 500 mm. An area covering one hectare may yield 5000 kilolitres of water in the year-enough for 500 heads of cattle for six months. One ml of rain falling on one sq m of area will yield approximately one liter of water. For a family of five persons the daily requirement is about 100 liters per day. If we assume that the longest period without rain to be six months, the volume of required water can be worked out at 18 kilo liters. This requirement can be met through rainwater harvesting at the time of rainy season.
Nature has its own systems of recharging groundwater. In forests water seeps gently into the ground as vegetation breaks the fall and flow of water. This groundwater in turn feeds wells, ponds, lakes and rivers. Protecting the forests, therefore, means protecting catchment areas. However, with the cutting down of trees, these systems are being hindered.
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