Sir Charles Spencer (Charlie Chaplin British comedian actor and film-maker
Bom-16 April 1889, London
Childhood-unhappy, poor-parents theatre actors Debut-at the age of five-Hollywood in 1914--made 35 films
Famous caricature-tiny figure, bowler hat and cane, moustache, turned-out feet Education --aeronautical engineering, 1958, Madras Institute of Technology
Screen classics -- The Kid, City Lights, The Great Dictator Honours-Knighted at 80 by Queen Elizabeth
Died -25 December 1977
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Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, The Tramp, and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy.
Sir
Charlie Chaplin
KBE
Charlie Chaplin portrait.jpg
Chaplin in the early 1920s
Born
Charles Spencer Chaplin
16 April 1889
Walworth, London, England
Died
25 December 1977 (aged 88)
Manoir de Ban, Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District, Vaud, Switzerland
Resting place
Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District, Vaud, Switzerland
Occupation
Actorcomediandirectorcomposerscreenwriterproducereditor
Years active
1899–1976
Spouse(s)
Mildred Harris
(m. 1918; div. 1920)
Lita Grey
(m. 1924; div. 1927)
Paulette Goddard
(m. 1936; div. 1942)
Oona O'Neill
(m. 1943)
Children
11
Parent(s)
Charles Chaplin Sr (father)
Hannah Chaplin (née Hill) (mother)
Relatives
Chaplin family
Website
charliechaplin.com
Signature
Firma de Charles Chaplin.svg
Chaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship, as his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, and he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine. When he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an early age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian. At 19, he was signed to the prestigious Fred Karno company, which took him to America. He was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios. He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a large fan base. He directed his own films and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay, Mutual, and First National corporations. By 1918, he was one of the best-known figures in the world.
In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature-length film was The Kid (1921), followed by A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), and The Circus (1928). He initially refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue. He became increasingly political, and his first sound film was The Great Dictator (1940), which satirised Adolf Hitler. The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He was accused of communist sympathies, and some members of the press and public found his involvement in a paternity suit, and marriages to much younger women, scandalous. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland. He abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess from Hong Kong (1967).
Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramp's struggles against adversity. Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. He received an Honorary Academy Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century" in 1972, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work. He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked on lists of the greatest films of all time.
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