Sketch and describe/label a diagram of the digestive system and describe it in your own words.
Answers
Given Question:-
Sketch and describe/label a diagram of the digestive system and describe it in your own words.
Diagram:
Attached.
Required Answer:-
The digestion of food starts from the mouth cavity:-
i. Mouth - Digestion of food begins in the mouth. Food is chewed with the help of teeth into very small pieces.
ii. Salivary glands - Saliva is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth cavity, located in the front of ears, near the pharynx, and below the tongue. It is carried to the mouth viaducts. It is mixed with food during the process of chewing.
iii. Pharynx/Throat - The esophagus and trachea open into the pharynx.
iv. Oesophagus - It is a tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach. It pushes the food towards the stomach.
v. Liver - The liver is the largest gland in the body. It has a rich supply of blood. Its main function is the storage of glucose. The gall bladder is situated below the liver. It stores the bile, the digestive juice secreted by the liver. When bile is carried into the small intestine, it mixes with the food there and helps in the digestion of fats. Bile contains bile salts.
vi. Pancreas - The pancreas secretes the pancreatic juice that contains various enzymes
v. Stomach - The large sac-like part of the alimentary canal is called the stomach. The gastric glands of stomach secrete gastric juice. Food that has entered stomach is churned. Three components of gastric juice, namely, hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus are mixed with food here and it becomes acidic. Mainly proteins are digested in the stomach. Due to the churning and the action of gastric juice, food becomes a semi-solid slurry which is slowly pushed into the small intestine
vi. Small Intestine - The small intestine is about 6m long. Most of the digestion and absorption of food takes place here. Three different digestive juices are mixed with the food in the small intestine. Absorption into the blood, of nutrients obtained by the digestion of food, also occurs in the small intestine.
vii. Large Intestine - The large intestine is about 1.5m long. Only water is absorbed in the large intestine. A small part called the ‘appendix’ is attached to the first part of the large intestine. Undigested remains of the food digested in the small intestine enter the large intestine. Undigested material is thrown out of the body through the anus.
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Major constituent organs of the human digestive system are buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
Buccal cavity -
It includes the teeth, saliva, and tongue. The teeth break down the food. Digestion of food begins in the mouth. The tongue helps in the chewing and swallowing of food.
Oesophagus -
The food passes from the mouth, down the oesophagus, into the stomach, as a result of the movement of the walls of the oesophagus.
Stomach -
It mixes the food received from the oesophagus with digestive juices.
Small intestine -
The food from the stomach moves into the small intestine, which receives intestinal juices from two glands - liver and pancreas. These juices help in the further digestion of food.
Large intestine -
Water is absorbed in the large intestine.
Rectum and anus -
Undigested food particles are thrown out with the help of the rectum and anus.
