small essay on bhaskar within 150 words
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Bhāskara (c. 1114–1185) also known as Bhāskarāchārya ("Bhāskara, the teacher"), and as Bhāskara II to avoid confusion with Bhāskara I, was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. From verses, in his main work, Siddhant Shiromani (सिध्दांतशिरोमणी), it can be inferred that he was born in 1114 in Vijjalvid (Vijjadavida) in the Sahyadhri mountain range, near the town of Patan in the Western Ghat region in present day Khandesh in Maharashtra. He is the only ancient mathematician who has been immortalized on a monument. In a temple in Maharashtra, an inscription supposedly created by his grandson Cangadeva, lists Bhaskaracharya’s ancestral lineage for several generations before him as well as two generations after him.[1][2] Colebrooke who first European to translate (1817) Bhaskaracharya II's mathematical classics refers to the family as Maharashtrian Brahmins residing on the banks of the Godavari.[3]
Born in a Hindu Deshastha Brahmin family of scholars, mathematicians and astronomers, Bhaskara II was the leader of a cosmic observatory at Ujjain, the main mathematical centre of ancient India.[4] Bhāskara and his works represent a significant contribution to mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the 12th century. He has been called the greatest mathematician of medieval India.[5] His main work Siddhānta-Śiromani, (Sanskrit for "Crown of Treatises")[6] is divided into four parts called Līlāvatī, Bījagaṇita, Grahagaṇita and Golādhyāya,[7] which are also sometimes considered four independent works.[8] These four sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres respectively. He also wrote another treatise named Karaṇā Kautūhala.[8]
Bhāskara's work on calculus predates Newton and Leibniz by over half a millennium.[9][10] He is particularly known in the discovery of the principles of differential calculus and its application to astronomical problems and computations. While Newton and Leibniz have been credited with differential and integral calculus, there is strong evidence to suggest that Bhāskara was a pioneer in some of the principles of differential calculus. He was perhaps the first to conceive the differential coefficient and differential calculus.[11]
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