soaps and detergents are two types of salt.state the difference between two.write the mecanism of clearing action of soap.why do soap not form lathers(foam) with hard water?mention any two problems that due to detergents instead of soap
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Answer:
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Soaps are biodegradable while some of the detergents are non-biodegradable. Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action whereas; detergents have a strong cleansing action. A detergent is a sodium salt of alkyl benzene sulphonate or of a fatty alcohol sulphate. A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acids
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Soaps do not form a lather in hard water because hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. Soap molecules react with calcium and magnesium salts to form an insoluble precipitate called scum. Two problems arise because of the use of detergents instead of soap
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Explanation:
1. Most soap is made from natural ingredients such as coconut oil and potassium hydroxide. Detergents often contain synthetic ingredients such as dyes, sodium laureth sulfate, disodium phosphate and fragrances.
2. Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps, the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus the soap molecules form structures called micelles. In micelles, one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside. Therefore, it forms an emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt when we wash our clothes.
3. When soap is mixed with hard water, the calcium and magnesium salts displaces the salts of sodium and potassium present in the soap and forms scum which is not soluble. Hence soaps are not effective in hard water for washing clothes.
4. Demerits: a. Detergents are non-biodegradable.
b. Detergents are harsh on skin as compared to soap.