Social Science
Mauryan and Mughal Empire: Gupta Empire and Post-gupta
Period; Delhi Sultanate; Rig Vedic Period and Iron Age,
Diversity, Types of Governmpnt; Equality, Public Health;
Universe and Solar System, Latitudes and Longitudes;
Rotation and Revolutions of the Earth; Domains and
Landforms of the Earth; India - Geographical Features,
Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife: Plate Tectonics; Maps,
Transport and Communication. tell me this all chapter short note
Answers
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- By employing a carefully organized bureaucratic system, the Maurya and Gupta Empires were able to maintain security and political unity across large parts of western and southern Asia.
- This bureaucratic system included a common economic system that supported stable agriculture across vast land holdings and successful trade and commerce.
- Through centralized authority, which included a powerful military, the rulers of these empires bound together the previously fractured regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Answer:
The last of the Nanda rulers, Dhana Nanda was highly unpopular due to his oppressive tax regime.
Also, post-Alexander’s invasion of North-Western India, that region faced a lot of unrest from foreign powers.
They were ruled by Indo-Greek rulers.
Chandragupta, with the help of an intelligent and politically astute Brahmin, Kautilya usurped the throne by defeating Dhana Nanda in 321 BC.
Chandragupta’s origins are shrouded in mystery. The Greek sources (which are the oldest) mention him to be of non-warrior lineage. The Hindu sources also say he was a student of Kautilya of humble birth (probably born to a Shudra woman). Most Buddhist sources say he was a Kshatriya.
It is generally accepted that he was an orphaned boy born into a humble family who was trained by Kautilya.
Greek accounts mention him as Sandrokottos.
Alexander had abandoned his India conquest in 324 BC and within a year, Chandragupta had defeated some of the Greek-ruled cities in the north-western part of the country.
Kautilya provided the strategy while Chandragupta executed it. They had raised a mercenary army of their own.
Then, they moved eastward into Magadha.
In a series of battles, he defeated Dhana Nanda and laid the foundations of the Maurya Empire in about 321 BC.
In 305 BC, he entered into a treaty with Seleucus Nicator (a general of Alexander who ruled over northwest India) in which Chandragupta acquired Baluchistan, eastern Afghanistan and the region to the west of Indus. He also married Seleucus Nicator’s daughter. In return, Seleucus Nicator got 500 elephants. Seleucus Nicator avoided a war with the mighty Chandragupta.
Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador at Chandragupta’s court.
Chandragupta led a policy of expansion and brought under one control almost the whole of present India barring a few places like Kalinga and the extreme South.
His reign lasted from 321 BC to 297 BC.
He abdicated the throne in favour of his son, Bindusara, and went to Karnataka with Jain monk Bhadrabahu. He had embraced Jainism and is said to have starved himself to death according to the Jain tradition at Shravanabelagola