social stratification social mobility? explain 300 words .
Answers
Answer:
Social Stratification” which is necessitated by the phenomenon of social differentiation refers to “a process of placing people in different strata or layers”. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon of human society. All the existing societies are stratified.
The essence of social stratification is social inequality which manifests in various forms. It may involve the differential allocation of income, status, privileges, and opportunities. A stratified society represents a ladder of hierarchy in which its population is distributed.
People who occupy the higher place in this hierarchy or ladder enjoy higher status, opportunities and privileges and the people who occupy lower positions have limited access to the same.
There are various correlates of social stratification and mobility. These correlates vary from society to society depending upon the level of their socio-economic and technological development.
In general, in urban – industrial societies – education, occupation, income and wealth- have been found to be the main correlates of social stratification and also of mobility.
The closed society or the rigid system of stratification is the second one in which the boundaries of various strata are very rigid and movement between the strata is extremely difficult, if not impossible. The Indian caste is very often mentioned here as the typical example of this. It may, however, be noted that as two broad types they are not found in pure form in any society of the world. Existing societies, however, lean towards one or the other depending upon certain economic and cultural conditions.