social studies class X cbse
social and political life
federalism
hurry its urgent.
Answers
Answer:
1. Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system.
2. (a) There are two or more levels of government.
(b) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(c) The jurisdictions are specified in the constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
(d) The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
(e) Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government.
(f) Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
(g)The federal system thus has dual objectives;
(1) To safeguard and
(2) Promote unity of the country.
3.(a) Dual Federalism is the idea that the union and the state share power but the Federal Government holds more than the individual states.
(b) Cooperative Federalism is the idea that the federal government and the state government share power equally.
(c) Fiscal Federalism is the type of Federalism in which the money bag controls everything.
(d) Creative Federalism is common in the United States even now, while New Federalism was doninant type of governmental federalism from 1960 to 1980, and particuarily during the Johnson administration in the 1960's.
(e) New Federalism was created in response to the power the state governments lost due to the enforcement of civil rights and President Roosevelts New Deal in the 1960's.
4. Federalism in India is practised by the creation of linguistic states ,language policy and centre state relations. Linguistic states:- in 1947 ,the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states . This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state .
5. They are:
(a) Governments at least two levels.
(b) Division of powers between various levels.
(c) Rigidity of constitution.
(d) Independence judiciary.
(e) Dual citizenship.
(f) Bicameralism.
6.Rural local government is called the Panchayati Raj, wherein each village or a group of villages have a gram panchayat. ... Urban local government is called a Municipality, which operates in towns and Municipal corporation operates in big cities.
7. The passing of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments, made it mandatory for each state to constitute rural and urban local governments, to establish mechanisms to fund them, and to carry out local elections every five years.
8."Decentralization, or decentralizing governance, refers to the restructuring or reorganization of authority so that there is a system of co-responsibility between institutions of governance at the central, regional and local levels according to the principle of subsidiarity, thus increasing ...
9. the new system of local self government is the largest experiment in the democracy conducted anywhere it has helped to deepen democracy it has increased the women participation in the democracy nearly 36 lacs of people are in elected representatives in various local governments it has also helped the governments to settle the problems in local level itself Itihas also increase the Awareness of problems of people on their society it has also helped to convey the United idea of be one Nation
10. A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that "coalition". The usual reason for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the election.
11. The purpose of colonization was to serve as a source of inexpensive labor and natural resources. The outcome of these colonies was never intended, culture development. This led to large trade enterprises and economical benefits for colonial powers.
HOPE IT HELPS YOU
JAI HIND
INQUILAB ZINDABAD✊