Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
1. Explain the Suffragette movement. Which group supported women’s suffragette movements?
2. Why were there revolutionary disturbances in Russia in 1905? What were the demands of revolutionaries?
3. Why did people in Central Asia respond to the Russian Revolution in different ways?
4. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
5. Explain the differences between liberals and democrats.
6. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?
7. Give any significant view of the radicals.
8. Write any features of Socialism. Mention three points.
9. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
10. Who was Karl Marx? Give his views about Capitalism.
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Answers
Answer:
1.The women's suffrage movement was launched by woman's groups for attaining a right to vote and stand for public office. ... Therefore, feminists, and women activists in general, launched the suffrage movement to pressurise governments to commit to political equality for women.
2.The causes of the revolutionary disturbances in Russia in 1905 were (i) Due to Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, prices of essential goods rose dramatically, so that real wages declined by 20 per cent. (ii) At the Putilov Iron Works, dismissal of some workers caused a strike.
3.The people in Central Asia responded enthusiastically to the February 1917, Revolution because it freed them from the oppression of the Tsar's reign so that they were masters of their land again. They expected to regain their autonomy. ... They feared now that their autonomy would be lost
4.The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. ... Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers.
6,The working population in Russia was different from other countries in Europe before 1917 because not all Russian workers migrated from the villages to work in the industrial sector. Some of them continued to live in villages and went to work daily, to the towns.
7.The views of Radicals are as follows: (i) The group who wanted to bring about immediate social change in Russia were radicals. (ii) They wanted a government on the majority of country's population. (iii)They were against private properties.
8.Main Features of Socialist Economy:
The main features of socialist economy are as follows:
(i) Collective Ownership:
(ii) Economic, Social and Political Equality:
(iii) Economic Planning:
(iv) No Competition:
(v) Positive Role of Government:
(vi) Work and Wages According to Ability and Needs
9.The Tsarist autocracy collapsed in 1917 due to the following reasons— (a) Miserable Condition of the Workers (i) The industrial workers in Russia got very low wages. (ii) They had very long working hours, sometimes upto 15 hours.
10.Karl Marx was a social thinker who believed in the principle of socialism. He argued that the industrialists and the capitalists who own the factors of production earn profits because of the hard work put in by the workers. The capitalists pocket the profits and do not share it among the workers.
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