SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Q.1 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of the Bolshevik government on
Soviet Union and its people. Give two points of cach.
Q.2 What changes were brought by Bolsheviks in Russia after they came to power?
State any 4 changes.
State any 4 changes.
0.3 Discuss the main events of the Revolution of October 1917 in Russia.
Q.4 How did Russia's participation in the World War I causes for the fall of Tsar?
Q.5 What were the major changes introduced in agriculture and industry by
Stalin?
Q.6 What is Collectivisation? How did Stalin use this programme?
Q.7 What were the different measures implemented by the Bolsheviks after the
October revolution in Russia?
Q.8 Describe the circumstances which were responsible for the Russian
Revolution?
0.9 What were the impacts of the Russian Revolution on Russia?
Q.10 What conditions led to the Russian Civil War in 1918-1920? Any four
points.
Answers
Answer:
Ans 1- Positive aspects of Bolshevik government on Soviet Union and the people are as follows:
A.Better status of women- better job opportunities for women. Divorce was made difficult.
B.Living standards- healthcare was made available to everyone.
C.Military growth- the military expanded.
Negative aspects of Bolshevik government on Soviet Union and the people are as follows:
A.Loss of freedom- dictatorship existed in every field of the society.
B.Religious intolerance- churches were shut down.
C.Purges- anyone seen as a threat to the government was killed.
Ans 2-The main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution were (i)The Bolsheviks were totally opposed to private property Therefore most industries and banks were nationalized. (ii) Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.
Ans 3- Bolshevik Revolution
On November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why the event is often referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d'état against the Dumas provisional government.
Ans 4- As Russia became engulfed in World War I, over fifteen million men joined the army, which left a shortage of workers for the factories and farms. This led to widespread shortages of food and materials. As goods became more and more scarce, prices went through the roof, and soon famine consumed Russian cities.
Ans 5- Collectivization of agriculture was the major change implemented by Stalin. He introduced the Collectivization of agriculture to increase agricultural production. Accordingly, in the process of Collectivization of agriculture, the small farms were merged into large farms known as the kolkhoz.
Ans 6- The policy aimed to integrate individual landholdings and labour into collectively-controlled and state-controlled farms: Kolkhozy and Sovkhozy accordingly. In the early 1930s over 91% of agricultural land became collectivized as rural households entered collective farms with their land, livestock, and other assets.
Ans 7- (i)The Bolsheviks were totally opposed to private property Therefore most industries and banks were nationalized.
(ii) The land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.
(iii) In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements.
(iv) They banned the use of old titles of the aristocracy.
Ans 8- The main circumstances which were responsible for the Russian Revolution are (i) Russia's own industries were few in numbers and the industrial workers were exploited extremely.He said that workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of capitalists by the revolution.
Ans 9- It had an impact on many things such as, communism, Socialism, democracy, economy, imperialism, nationalism, and most importantly the division of the world. First of all, Russia was the first country to establish a communist government, and communism spread throughout the world.
Ans 10- (i) The Russian army began to break up after Bolsheviks ordered land redistribution. Soldiers who were mostly peasants wished to go home for the land redistribution.
(ii)Non Bolshevik Socialists, Liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising. Their leaders organised the troops to fight the Bolsheviks.
(iii) During 1918 and 1919, the ‘greens’ (Socialist Revolutionaries) and ‘whites’ (pro-Tsarists) controlled most of the Russian empire. They were backed by French, American, British and Japanese troops. As these troops and the Bolsheviks fought a civil war, looting, banditry and famine became common.
(iv)Supporters of private property among ‘whites’ took harsh steps against peasants who had seized land.
Explanation:
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