Question

Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. The members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions. They owned estates in the countryside and also town-houses. They spoke French for purposes of diplomacy and in high society. Their families were often connected by ties of marriage. This powerful aristocracy was, however, numerically a small group. The majority of the population was made up of the peasantry. To the west, the bulk of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners, while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern of landholding was characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs. In Western and parts of Central Europe the growth of industrial production and trade meant the growth of towns and the emergence of commercial classes whose existence was based on production for the market. Industrialisation began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, but in France and parts of the German states it occurred only during the nineteenth century. In its wake, new social groups came into being a working-class population, and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen, professionals. In Central and Eastern Europe these groups were smaller in number till late nineteenth century. It was among the educated, liberal middle classes that ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity.

Q1) “A landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent”. Which continent is mentioned here?
Asia
Europe
Africa
North America

Q2) Why commercial classes emerged in Western and Central Europe?
i. Due to industrial production and trade.
ii. Due to the growth of towns.
iii. As the pattern of landholding was characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.
iv. Both (i) & (ii)

Q3) Why liberal middle classes had ideas of national unity?
i. They were educated.
ii. Middle class comprised of industrialists, businessmen, professionals.
iii. Due to the impact of Industrialisation.
iv. All of the above.

Q4) The second half of the eighteenth century means….
i. 1850 onwards
ii. 1750 onwards
iii. 1800
iv. 1700

Answer 1

Answer:

1) st one answer is option 'b' Europe

2) nd one answer is obtion 'a'

3) rd one answer is option 'd' all the above

4) th answer is 1750 on wards 'b'