Chemistry, asked by Annannuuuu, 1 year ago

Sodium burns in air to give Sodium Chloride. Explain the reaction on the basis of the oxidation and reduction reaction.

Answers

Answered by GOZMIt
4
heya.....



Each atom has a specific number of electrons in its outer shell. Atoms are most stable, when the outer shell is full. 


A Na atom has 1 electron in its 3rd shell. A Cl atom has 7 electrons in the 3rd shell. These 7 electrons are 3 pairs and 1 single electron. The Cl atom has a stronger attraction for an electron than the Na atom. 


When a Cl atom collides with a Na atom, the 1 single electron in the 3rd shell of the Na atom will pair up with the 1 single electron in the 3rd shell of the Cl atom. 


Now, the Cl atom has become a Cl-1 ion with 8 electrons in its 3rd shell, and the Na atom has become a Na+1 ion with 8 electrons in its 2nd shell. 


Na atoms and Cl atoms are very unstable. Sodium will explode when immersed in water. Chlorine is kills bacteria. Na+1 ions and Cl-1 ions are very stable. The most common compound made from Na+1 and Cl-1 is table salt, NaCl. NaCl is very stable. 


The 2 ions are more stable than the 2 atoms were. Substances are unstable, because they have excess energy. To become more stable, energy must be released into the environment. 


The equation for Na reacting with Cl2 is shown below. 


2 Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl 



This reaction equation above states that 2 moles of Na atoms will react with 1 moles of Cl2 molecules to produce 2 moles of NaCl and release 95 kcal of energy 


Cl2 has a single bond between 2 Cl atoms. 

58 kcal per mole is required to separate the 2 Cl atoms. 
Cl2 + 58 kcal → 2 Cl 

The 3 equations illustrate the oxidation of Na and the reduction Cl! 

Na + 119 kcal → Na+1 + e- 

Cl + e- → Cl-1 + 83 kcal 

Na+1 + Cl-1 → NaCl + 189 kcal 


When a Cl atom collides with a Na atom the 3 reactions above occur simultaneously. 


One mole of Cl atom provides the 119 kcal of energy to attract 1 mole of electrons away from the 3rd shell of one mole of Na atoms. This process is called oxidation. 


When one mole of single electron pairs up with one mole of unpaired electron in the 3rd shell of one mole of Cl atom, 83 kcal of energy is released into the environment. This process is called reduction. 


Now, one mole Na+1 ions is attracted to one mole of Cl-1 ions and one mole of NaCl crystals forms, releasing 189 kcal of energy to the environment!! 


The release of energy usually means the product, NaCl, is more stable than the reactants, Na +Cl2!! 


tysm....@gozmit
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