soil conservation of India assignment
Answers
Excessive soil erosion in India combined with consequent high rate of sedimentation in reservoirs and decreased soil fertility has led to grave environmental problems. Soil erosion mostly affects practically all kinds of lands such as the forest lands, agricultural lands, arid and semi-arid lands, surface mines, roads, construction sites, coastal areas etc. Further, since soil formation is a very slow process, the erosion of the upper layer of the soil leaves it barren for a long time, causing grave problems to the agricultural sector.
According to a 2015 report of the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), the estimated amount of soil erosion that occurred in India was 147 million hectares. Under this broad figure, 94 million hectares were claimed by water erosion, 16 million hectares by acidification, 14 Million hectares by flooding and 9 million hectares from wind erosion. 29 percent of the soil that is eroded is lost in the sea while 61 percent is just relocated.
India predominantly witnesses water erosion. The rate of soil erosion by moving water is directly proportional to the intensity and duration of the downpour. In coastal areas the intensity of the erosion is decided by the velocity of the waves, volume of water, extension of vegetation cover, nature of rocks, etc. The southern coasts of India, like the coasts of Kerala are most prone to such kind of aggressive form of Soil erosion. While in the high altitudes of the country glacial, snow and wind action control the nature and intensity of soil erosion. Intense erosion happens in the arid and semi-arid areas where the vegetation cover is scarce. On the other hand, in the northern parts of India, the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat face the problem of wind erosion. Wind erosion depends on the velocity of the wind, the dryness and the particle size of the surface soil.
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