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Answer: The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated compound is called hydrogenation.
Example: Ethene gives ethane as a product on hydrogenation.
Conditions for hydrogenation:
1) unsaturated compound
2) presence of a catalyst such as finely divided palladium or nickel.
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Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds hydrogen to a molecule. Hydrogenation is not thermodynamically favorable at ordinary temperatures, so a catalyst is needed. Usually this catalyst is a metal.
Examples of hydrogenated products include margarine, mineral turpentine, and aniline.
Another Example : Vegetable oils such as groundnut oils, cotton seed oils and,mustard oils are unsaturated and also contain double bonds (C=C).
They are in the liquid state. On hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen) in the presence of nickel as catalyst vegetable oil produces vanaspati ghee. This is solid at room temperature. The essential condition for the reaction is the presence of nickel as a catalyst and temperature. Change observed in the physical property during hydrogenation is the change of the unsaturated compound from the liquid state to the corresponding saturated compound in the solid state/its bolling on melting point will increase.
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