Question

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Explain the working and application of a sonar.

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Answer 1

Sonar is a device that uses ultrasonic waves to measure the distance, direction, and speed of underwater objects.

• Sonar consists of a transmitter and a detector and is installed in a boat or a ship.
• The transmitter produces and transmits ultrasonic waves.
• These waves travel through water and after striking the object on the seabed, get reflected back and are sensed by the detector.
• The detector converts the ultrasonic waves into electrical signals which are appropriately interpreted.

Answer 2

Answer:

✤ SONAR stands for Sonographic Navigation ad Ranging (or) sound Navigation and Ranging.

✤ This is a method for detecting and finding the depth of oceans and distance of objects under water by means of reflected ultasonic waves.

✤ SONAR system consists of a transmitter and a detector which are installed in the observation centre on the board of the ship.

✤ Ultrasonic wave of high frequencies say 1000 KHz, are sent in all directions under the water through transmitter.

✤ These waves travels in straight lines till they hit an object such as a submarine, aa sunken ship etc...

✤ The waves are then reflected and are recieved back by the receiver at the observation centre

✤ From the time between sending the ultrasonic wave and recieving its echo and the speed of sound in sea water, the distance of the object from the observation centre is calculated.

If 'd' is the distance, 'u' is the velocity of sound in water 't' is the time taken for echo; total distance is 2d.

•• 2d = ut > d= ut/2

APPLICATIONS OF SONAR>>>>>>

The SONAR method is also called echo ranging.

The techniques is used to

1.Determine the depth of the sea.

2.To locate hills and valleys under water.

3. To detect the submarines , icebergs and sunken ships etc.....

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