Question

some challenges after the independence on India

Answer 1

First and Foremost was to make sure that India can survive on One Nation theory. Many British and Americans believed that India is too big a area in terms of religion, beliefs and geography to maintain by a single constitution. During Independence, India had around 550 princely states. Indian government had to convince them to accept India as a Nation, Renounce their throne and accept the future constitution. Although many of them agreed after Nehru and Sardar Patel initiated talks, few of them showed resistance. Jodhpur, Hyderabad, J&K were the few.Fighting communal forces. Hindus who felt that congress is taking Muslim’s side (over riots issue), originated Hindu organisations to counter this. Same happened with Muslims. Nehru took secular stand and tried to pacify both sides.Setting up education institutions to improve literacy rates. They have setup IITs IIMs with the same idea in mind. India would have been much better if they had focused more on primary education instead of higher education.Conducting general elections for the first time in 1951–52. setting up election commission, registering million people population, and making sure that we have fair election was a big task in hand.

Answer 2

India got independence in 1947 i.e. almost immediately after end of WW-2 during which most of the Indian resources including stock of food grains. Therefore making available adequate food was the main problem in front of the newly elected government. However, the story of economic, social and political problems does not end here because there was series of problems.

Food - Obviously the first problem,Violence at the international border - It was not just independence of India but Pakistan separated from India and there was tremendous friction at the border. People were moving from India to the newly born Pakistan and Pakistan to India. However, this movement was extremely painful and gave rise to violence at many places.Unrest within India - Although all princely states were united, the unity was restricted to paper. Minds of the people from different princely states, speaking different languages, having different egos etc did not gel together quickly. This unrest was more in some southern parts of India as well as in J&K.