some features of gymnosperm
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Gymnosperms have an evolutionary significance and show some unique features. Their characteristic feature is the absence of flowers and presence of naked, open seeds. As they do not have flowers, consequently, fruits are also absent in these group of plants.
The main source of pollination and dispersal is wind. These are generally medium to tall trees, with a few shrub species also present. Sequoia is a gymnosperm which is one of the tallest tree species.
The plant body shows differentiation and is divided into leaves, stem, and roots. The leaves are generally needle-like with a thick cuticle and sunken stomata, generally seen in conifers. This feature helps in the reduction of water loss due to transpiration.
The root system present in the gymnosperms is taproot system. In some plants, these roots have an association with fungi and form mycorrhiza, e.g. Pinus. In a few other species like the Cycas plant, the roots are in the form of specialized roots called coralloid roots and are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. These plants are also vascular, with both xylem and phloem being present.
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Gymnosperms are a group of plants with the following unique characteristics:
They do not have an outer covering or shell around their seeds.
They do not produce flowers.
They do not produce fruits.
They are pollinated by the wind.