Question

Some one help me with the summary of atoms and molecules
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Answer 1

Answer:

hope it helps u dear

Explanation:

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element. Atoms combine to form molecules, which then interact to form solids, gases, or liquids. For example, water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms that have combined to form water molecules.

Answer 2

• Antoine Lavoisier, a French noble man called as Father of Modern Chemistry.
• Antoine Lavoisier on the basis of his experiment he proposed the law the of conservation of mass, defined as - Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. ( or ) The mass of product is equal to the mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction. Therefore, mass remains same before and after the chemical reaction. Mass is neither created nor destroyed in the chemical reaction.
• Though the law of conservation of mass was proposed by Lavoisier, It was experimentally proved by Landolt.
• Based on his experiments, Joseph L.Proust proposed the law of constant proportions or law of definite proportions, defined as - A given chemical substance always contains the same elements combined in a fixed proportions by mass.
• John Dalton, the English school teacher, proposed the basic theory about the nature of matter called as Dalton's atomic theory. ( Postulates of this theory is in the attachment ).
• Atom - An atom is the smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction. Ex : C, H , Li, D.
• Molecule - Molecule is the smallest part of the matter which can exist freely.
• Element - A pure substance which can neither be decomposed into others nor built from simple substance by ordinary physical or chemical methods. ( or ) When the particles of a substance contain only one type of atoms.
• Compound - If atoms of different elements join together they form a new substance called as Compound.
• Atomicity - The number of atoms contained in a molecule.
• Valency - The combining capacity of an atom or a radical is called its valency.
• Charged species are known as Ions. Negatively charged ions aee called as Anion. Positively charged ions are called as Cation.
• We write the chemical formulae of molecules in Criss - cross method. ( process of this method is in the attachment )
• Atomic mass - The number of times one atom of given element is heavier than 1/12th part of atomic mass of C-12 isotope is called its atomic mass.
• Units of atomic mass - amu ( atomic mass unit ) or u ( unified mass ).
• Molecular mass - The molecular mass of a substance is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the substance. Units are - amu or u.
• Formula unit mass - Formula unit mass is caluculated in the same manner as the molecular mass. The only difference is that formula unit is used for the substance whose constituents particles are ions.
• Molar mass - The molar mass and molecular mass are numerically equal but molar mass units has grams ( g ) and molecular mass has units amu or u.
• Avogadro's number = 6.023 ×10^2

1 mole = GAW of element ( gram atomic weight )

= GMW of molecule ( gram molecular weight)

= 6.023 × 10^23 molecules

= 6.023 × 10^23 ions

= 6.023 × 10^23 × atomicity of atoms

= 22.4 l or 22,400 ml or 22,400 cc.

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