some salient features of angiosperms
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1. The sporophyte which is the dominant plant in the life-cycle is differentiated into roots, stem and leaves.
2. The highest degree of perfection of the vascular system with true vessels in the xylem and companion cells in the phloem.
3. The organisation of the microsporophyll’s (stamens) and megasporophylls (carpels) into a structure called the flower, which is typical only of the angiosperms.
4. The presence of four microsporangia (pollen sacs) per microsporophyll (stamen).
5. The ovules are always enclosed in an ovary which is the basal region of the
megasporophyll.
6. Production of two kinds of spores, microspores (pollen grains) and megaspores. Angiosperms thus are heterosporous.
7. Presence of single functional megaspore which is permanently retained within the nucellus or mega-sporangium.
8. Adaptation of flower to insect pollination.
9. Pollination consists in the transference of pollen grains from anther to stigma.
10. Spore dimorphisim having resulted in the production of gametophytes, male and female.
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