someone will please send me the notes of biomolecules class 11
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Quick Revision Notes CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 Biomolecules
Chemicals or molecules present in the living organism are known as biomolecules. Biomolecules are divided into two types- inorganic and organic.
Inorganic biomolecules includes minerals, gases and water and organic biomolecules includes carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, etc.
Different biomolecules can be classified as aldehyde, ketones and aromatic compounds as chemical forms. The amino acids, nucleotides and fatty acids can be classified as biochemical forms.
Biomolecules class 11 Notes Biology
Except lipids, macromolecules are formed by polymerization of sub-units called monomers.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Amino acids are linked by peptide bond formed by dehydration between COOH group of one amino acids and NH3 group of next with the removal of H2O.
Biomolecules class 11 Notes Biology
In nucleic acids, the phosphate molecules links 3’ C of sugar of one nucleoside to the 5’ C of sugar of next nucleosides releasing two water molecules to form 3’-5’ phosphodiester bond.
In polysaccharides, the mono-saccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds formed by dehydration between two carbon atoms of two adjacent monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
Polysaccharides are long chain of sugar containing different monosaccharaides as a building block.
Starch is present in plants as store house of energy. It forms helical secondary structure. It can hold the I2 molecules in the helical structure.
Cellulose molecules contain glucose molecules joined together by 1-4 β linkage. It is the most abundant organic molecules on earth.
Glycogen is called animal starch as it is the reserve food materials for animals, bacteria and fungi. In this, glucose molecules are arranged in highly branched bush like chain having two types of linkage 1-4 α in straight chain and 1-6 linkage in branching.
Proteins are polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids joined together by peptide bond between amino and carboxylic group. There are two kinds of amino acids-
Essential amino acids are obtained by living organism along with food.
Non-essential amino acids can be prepared by our body from raw materials.
The main functions of protein in living cell are
Transport of nutrient across the membrane.
Fight infectious organisms.
Produce enzyme and proteins.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal world.