Sometimes lack of money does not stop the people from getting proper medical treatments.” Why? And what are steps taken by the government to ensure all would avail the medical treatments. (write in points).
Answers
Health should be viewed as not merely the absence of disease but as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. The determinants of good health are: access to various types of health services and an individual’s lifestyle choices, personal, family and social relationships.Availability of Medical Services and Urban-Rural Divide
Current Scenario
At present, India’s health care system consists of a mix of public and private sector providers of health services. Networks of health care facilities at the primary, secondary and tertiary level, run mainly by State Governments, provide free or very low cost medical services. There is also an extensive private health care sector, covering the entire spectrum from individual doctors and their clinics, to general hospitals and super specialty hospitals.
Issue
Availability of health care services from the public and private sectors taken together is quantitatively inadequate. This is starkly evident from the
data on doctors or nurses per lakh of the population. At the start of the Eleventh Plan, the number of doctors per lakh of population was only
45, whereas, the desirable number is 85 per lakh population.
Suggestions
ASHA (Accredited social health activists) are doing a commendable job in spreading awareness , especially in rural areas. Augment their task force , give incentives to youth for becoming ASHA as a part of Skill India campaign.
Encourage students of government medical colleges to complete a term of several years in a rural area as a part of their internship during bachelor's course.
Make it mandatory for a RMP Registered Medical Practitioner to have served in a rural region for at least 5 years before allowing him to open a private clinic.
Making nutrition available for pregnant and lactating mothers in form of vitamins and daily food programs in line with Mid-day meal schemes.
Establishing PHCs and infrastructure in villages alongwith spreading awareness will take care of high IMR and MMR.
Infrastructure : From Water to Waste disposal
India lacks far behind in terms of its budgetary allocations to Health sector in terms of its GDP. Indian villages and many urban clusters lack proper sanitation and drinking water facilities.
Hospitals and PHCs or clinics are as good as luxuries in these hamlets.
Suggestions
Build toilets and community toilets in clusters. Educate rural population about the importance of proper sanitation methods and waste disposal techniques.
Provide clean drinking water. This should be a priority for government.
Encourage PPP model of investment for capacity building in these villages.
Funds should be diverted to make medical services easily available at all time.
Quality of health personnel and government contracts should be constantly monitored by state authority to avoid accidents like Bilaspur accident.
Lack of effective Payment Mechanism
Most Indian patients pay for their hospital visits and doctors’ appointments with straight up cash after care with no payment arrangements.
According to the World Bank and National Commission’s report on Macroeconomics, only 5% of Indians are covered by health insurance policies .
Such a low figure has resulted in a nascent health insurance market which is only available for the urban, middle and high income populations.
There is very low penetration of Insurance sector in Indian market.
Suggestion
Incentivize FDI in insurance sector and encourage better penetration of health schemes . (Under process).
Managers and health personnel in public sector facilities could
be paid bonus for achieving higher coverage of services as measured by reduction in the use of private sector services in the coverage area.
They can be paid further incentives for delivering preventive care services effectively and achieving measurable health outcomes in their respective area.
UHC pilots to be rolled out by States could experiment with different
methods of organisation and delivery of services, and payment systems so that resources allocated are able to generate better health outcomes.
Remaining Issues
Child and maternal health care.
Family welfare.
Sexual health of Indian youth.
Mental Health coverage.
Teaching institutes in the field of Health care.
Indian system of medicines (AYUSH)
How to defeat the curse Communicable diseases.
Apologies for lengthy answer
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