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What r the uses of dams and barrages
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Answer 1

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Functions and uses of dams:-

A dam is constructed mainly for power generation, irrigation/water supply or flood prevention. However in most of cases dams have multiple functions. The main uses of a dam are presented below.

§ Power generation

Hydroelectric power is a major source of electricity in the world. Many countries have rivers with adequate water flow that can be dammed for power generation purposes. The reservoir water is stored at a higher level than the turbines, which are housed in a power station. Sometimes, the power station is directly in front of a dam, and pipes through the dam feed water directly to the turbines. In other cases, the power station is some distance downhill from the reservoir, and the water is fed to it through long pipes or tunnels called penstocks.

Diagram of Hydroelectricity plant (http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html)

§ Stabilize water flow / irrigation

Dams are often used to control and stabilize water flow, often for agricultural purposes and irrigation. Plants will grow naturally on fertile soil that is watered by rain. However, in regions of the world where the climate is very dry for some seasons, the soil becomes so dry that it restricts the growth of vegetation. This problem can be overcome by irrigation, a man-made system for watering the land.

Irrigation water can be stored in reservoirs during the rainy season, then in the drier seasons it can be released from the reservoir and distributed over the land through a system of canals. Usually, the water flows under the influence of gravity to the areas requiring it, or the water can be pumped out of the canals onto the land.

§ Flood prevention

Water from snow and rainfall will find its way into stream and rivers and eventually into the sea. After severe storms, or heavy snow or rain over a number of days, the water level in rivers can rise dramatically. Sometimes, the water flows over riverbanks or walls causing flooding of farmland, property, and in the worst cases, loss of life.

A reservoir can be used to control the amount of water flowing in a river after heavy rain. The water level in the reservoir is kept low during the rainier periods of the year. When heavy rain occurs, it is stopped by the dam and held back in the reservoir. When the reservoir gets too full, the floodwater can be passed downstream over a spillway. Sometimes, floodgates are used on top of spillways, and they can be fully or partly opened to control the amount of water let out into the river downstream. Dams such as the Blackwater dam of Webster, New Hampshire and the Delta Works are created with flood control in mind.

§ Land reclamation

Dams (often called dykes or levees in this context) are used to prevent ingress of water to an area that would otherwise be submerged, allowing its reclamation for human use.

§ Water supply of urban areas/ Industrial usage

Many urban areas of the world are supplied with water abstracted from rivers pent up behind low dams or weirs. Examples include London - with water from the River Thames and Chester with water taken from the River Dee. Other major sources include deep upland reservoirs contained by high dams across deep valleys such as the Claerwen series of dams and reservoirs.

§ Recreational areas creating recreation areas or habitat for fish and wildlife, fishing, boating, sports, other activities i.e bird watching

§ Navigation

The construction of a dam across a river forms a reservoir that raises the water level upstream, stores the water, and slows down its rate of flow. This improves the navigation conditions upstream of the dam for ships and boats. Dangerous areas of rocks and sandbanks, previously in shallow water, become well covered, and rapids in the river disappear. Also, water from the reservoir can be released into the river downstream during the drier seasons of the year to make sure that it is deep enough for navigation all the year round.

§ Water diversion

A dam can be used to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. Diversion dams do not generally impound water in a reservoir. Instead, the water is diverted into an artificial water course or canal, which may be used for irrigation or return to the river after passing through hydroelectric generators, flow into a different river or be itself dammed forming a reservoir.

§ To contain and store waste (tailings) from mines; eg Omai Tailings Dam, Guyana, South America which stored waste from a gold mining operation.

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Answer 2

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