sound propagates by creating successive compressed and their rarefied zones in gaseous medium on a hot summer day it is measured that the minimum distance between one such maximum compress his own to a maximum rarefied zone is 1.6 metre velocity of sound is 340 m/s sound was propagating from east to west direction and the maximum distance travelled by medium particles from east to west direction is 0.8 metre frequency of that sound wave is
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Answer:
Sound is a wave. More specifically, sound is defined to be a disturbance of matter that is transmitted from its source outward. A disturbance is anything that is moved from its state of equilibrium. Some sound waves can be characterized as periodic waves, which means that the atoms that make up the matter experience simple harmonic motion.
A vibrating string produces a sound wave as illustrated in Figure 14.2, Figure 14.3, and Figure 14.4. As the string oscillates back and forth, part of the string’s energy goes into compressing and expanding the surrounding air. This creates slightly higher and lower pressures. The higher pressure... regions are compressions, and the low pressure regions are rarefactions. The pressure disturbance moves through the air as longitudinal waves with the same frequency as the string. Some of the energy is lost in the form of thermal energy transferred to the air. You may recall from the chapter on waves that areas of compression and rarefaction in longitudinal waves (such as sound) are analogous to crests and troughs in transverse waves.
A string bulges to the right, creating compression ahead of it and rarefaction behind it.
Figure 14.2 A vibrating string moving to the right compresses the air in front of it and expands the air behind it.
A string bulges to the left, creating compression ahead of it and rarefaction behind it.
Figure 14.3 As the string moves to the left, it creates another compression and rarefaction as the particles on the right move away from the string.
A string vibrates back and forth from left to right. The graph of its position is sinusoidal in shape, with amplitude decreasing over time.
Figure 14.4 After many vibrations, there is a series of compressions and rarefactions that have been transmitted from the string as a sound wave. The graph shows gauge pressure (Pgauge) versus distance x from the source. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure; it is positive for pressures above atmospheric pressure, and negative for pressures below it. For ordinary, everyday sounds, pressures vary only slightly from average atmospheric pressure.
The amplitude of a sound wave decreases with distance from its source, because the energy of the wave is spread over a larger and larger area. But some of the energy is also absorbed by objects, such as the eardrum in Figure 14.5, and some of the energy is converted to thermal energy in the air. Figure 14.4 shows a graph of gauge pressure versus distance from the vibrating string. From this figure, you can see that the compression of a longitudinal wave is analogous to the peak of a transverse wave, and the rarefaction of a longitudinal wave is analogous to the trough of a transverse wave. Just as a transverse wave alternates between peaks and troughs, a longitudinal wave alternates between compression and rarefaction.
A sound wave with areas of alternating compression and rarefaction enter an ear canal and eardrum.
Figure 14.5 Sound wave compressions and rarefactions travel up the ear canal and force the eardrum to vibrate. There is a net force on the eardrum, since the sound wave pressures differ from the atmospheric pressure found behind the eardrum. A complicated mechanism converts the vibrations to nerve impulses, which are then interpreted
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transfer pollen grained from the another to the stigma of a different flower transfers limited number of pollens required pollination to transfer pollen grained it occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers
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