Question

sources of secretion and effects of salivary juice​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Saliva is made up from several components in varying concentrations:

Water

Electrolytes – sodium and chloride ions are usually at a lower concentration than the plasma (hypotonic). Potassium, calcium and iodide ions are usually at a higher concentration than plasma (hypertonic)

Bicarbonate – present at a higher concentration than in plasma to maintain an alkaline environment

Bacteriostats – chemicals that prevent the multiplication of bacteria

Mucus

Enzymes – salivary amylase

Secretion

General secretion

Saliva is always a hypotonic solution but it needs to be produced from concentrated extra-cellular fluid and modified.

The fluid secreted from the acini is overall isotonic with the extracellular fluid:

Sodium and potassium ions are equivalent

Iodide ions are present at an increased concentration

Chloride ions are present at a decreased concentration

Bicarbonate is present at the same concentration

During ductal modification, there is little change in volume however concentrations of some of the ions change:

Sodium concentration decreases

Potassium concentration increases

Bicarbonate concentration decreases at rest and increases when stimulated

The ductal cells have a maximum rate of modification and therefore the more rapidly saliva is produced, the less it is modified (excluding bicarbonate).

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