Speech of stephen hawking in crippling disease
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Signature of Stephen Hawking
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Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.[18][19][8] He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009.
Stephen Hawking
CH CBE FRS FRSA
Black-and-white photograph of Stephen Hawking at NASA's StarChild Learning Center
Hawking at NASA's StarChild Learning Center, 1980s
Born
Stephen William Hawking
8 January 1942
Oxford, England
Died
14 March 2018 (aged 76)
Cambridge, England
Resting place
Westminster Abbey[1]
Education
St Albans School, Hertfordshire
Alma mater
University of Oxford (BA)
University of Cambridge (PhD)[2]
Known for
Hawking radiation
A Brief History of Time
Penrose–Hawking theorems
Black hole information paradox
Micro black hole
Primordial black hole
Chronology protection conjecture
Soft hair (No hair theorem)
Bekenstein–Hawking formula
Hawking energy
Hawking-Page phase transition
Gibbons–Hawking ansatz
Gibbons–Hawking effect
Gibbons–Hawking space
Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term
Hartle–Hawking state
Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet
Spouse(s)
Jane Wilde
(m. 1965; div. 1995)
Elaine Mason
(m. 1995; div. 2007)
Children
3, including Lucy Hawking
Awards
Adams Prize (1966)
Eddington Medal (1975)
Maxwell Medal and Prize (1976)
Heineman Prize (1976)
Hughes Medal (1976)
Albert Einstein Award (1978)
Albert Einstein Medal (1979)
RAS Gold Medal (1985)
Dirac Medal (1987)
Wolf Prize (1988)
Prince of Asturias Award (1989)
Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (1992)
Andrew Gemant Award (1998)
Naylor Prize and Lectureship (1999)
Lilienfeld Prize (1999)
Albert Medal (1999)
Copley Medal (2006)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009)
Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (2012)
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2015)
Scientific career
Fields
General relativity
Quantum gravity
Institutions
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
California Institute of Technology
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Thesis
Properties of Expanding Universes (1966)
Doctoral advisor
Dennis Sciama
Other academic advisors
Robert Berman
Doctoral students
Bruce Allen
Raphael Bousso
Bernard Carr
Fay Dowker
Christophe Galfard
Gary Gibbon
Thomas Hertog
Raymond Laflamme
Don Page
Malcolm Perry
Christopher Pope
Marika Taylor
Alan Yuille
Wu Zhongchao
27 others
Hawking was born in Oxford into a family of doctors. Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford in October 1959 at the age of 17, where he received a first-class BA (Hons.) degree in physics. He began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge in October 1962, where he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology in March 1966. During this period—in 1963—Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease) that gradually paralysed him over the decades.[20][21] After the loss of his speech, he was able to communicate through a speech-generating device—initially through use of a handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle.
Hawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation. Initially, Hawking radiation was controversial. By the late 1970s and following the publication of further research, the discovery was widely accepted as a significant breakthrough in theoretical physics. Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.[22][23]
Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discussed his theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years.
Early life
Career
Personal life
Death
Personal views
Appearances in popular media
Awards and honours
Publications
References
External links
Last edited 8 days ago by Wretchskull
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