Speech on COVID-19 english
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Answer:
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic[1]. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A pandemic is defined as “occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population.”[2] The last pandemic reported in the world was the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009.
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province in China, was reported to the World Health Organisation. In January 2020, a previously unknown new virus was identified[3][4], subsequently named the 2019 novel coronavirus, and samples obtained from cases and analysis of the virus’ genetics indicated that this was the cause of the outbreak. This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020.[5] The virus is referred to as SARS-CoV-2 and the associated disease is COVID-19[6].
As of 15 May 2020, over 4,444,670 cases have been identified globally in 188 countries with a total of over 302,493 fatalities. Also 1,588,858 were recovered.
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Explanation:
The novel coronavirus can spread through droplets emitted when an infected person speaks, according to new research on the virus’ alarming efficiency of transmission. So far, public health specialists had focused on coughing and sneezing as the most potential mediums of transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Now, scientists from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), US, have come up with troubling new evidence of transmission in confined spaces. They used an intense sheet of highly sensitive laser light to visualize bursts of small-sized droplets produced during repeated spoken phrases. The droplets are too small to be seen, but are large enough to carry pathogens that can linger in the air “for tens of minutes or longer" before shrinking and eventually disappearing.
The research points at the risk of transmission in enclosed spaces as the experiment was conducted in a confined environment.
According to scientists, speaking produces about 2,600 droplets per second, which corresponds to an estimated 2.4-12 nanolitres of airborne oral fluid. In case of covid-19, the oral fluid has a high viral load, even in asymptomatic cases. “Now assuming that oral fluid contains approximately 7 million SARS-CoVid-2 copies per mL (millilitre) in covid-19 infected persons, then that 1 minute of loud speaking could generate more than 1,000 virus-containing droplets that will remain airborne for 8 minutes or longer," the study said.
“These observations confirm that normal speaking in enclosed environments might carry a substantial risk of virus transmission." The findings were published in the journal Proceedings Of National Academy Of Sciences.
Once airborne, these speech-generated droplets rapidly dehydrate due to evaporation, and start decreasing in size which delays their fall. “Our laser light scattering method not only provides real-time visual evidence for speech droplet emission, but also assesses their airborne lifetime. This demonstrates how speech generates airborne droplets that can remain suspended and are capable of transmitting disease in confined spaces," said the team.
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