speech on industrial pollution
100 to 200 words
Answers
Industrial Pollution
Introduction
Many industrial manufacturing processes use or produce chemicals that may harm people’s health or the environment. For instance, paper pulp bleaching uses chlorine (Cl), while power generation using coal creates acid rain. Although factory chimneys producing black smoke are rare in most industrial nations these days, invisible pollutants may still enter the air, ground, or surface water. Even at low levels, they may cause harm, particularly in the long term.
Environmental law now requires industry to take more responsibility for any emissions that could harm the environment. Ongoing independent monitoring of the air and water supply are necessary to check for any breaches of legislation. Cleaner technologies, including green chemistry, can reduce production of pollutants from their source. However, there is still a legacy of industrial pollution from the past with contaminated sites that have residues of long-lasting chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs (C12H10-xClx), which were once very widely used.
Historical Background and Scientific Foundations
Pollution generally refers to a change that is harmful to the environment. A typical example might be discharge of chlorine-containing organic solvents from a factory pipe into a river. Industrial pollution on a large scale began with the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century, when factories emitting dirty smoke were seen as a sign of growing prosperity. Soot and acid rain deposition in towns and cities was common and few were aware of their impact on human health and the environment.
Coal was the predominant source of fuel. Its potential to pollute arises from its sulfur (S) content, which can be as high as 10%. Coal also contains significant amounts of toxic heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), which remain in the ash when it is burned. Oil began to grow in importance as a fuel in the early part of the twentieth century. By the 1940s, a massive petrochemical industry had grown up, using petroleum as a raw material for the synthesis of a range of new organic compounds, including plastics, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
Future problems from industrial pollution could come from environmental estrogens, also known as endocrine disrupters. These chemicals, widely distributed in toiletries, plastics, and other everyday products, have an action like the female sex hormone estrogen on living cells. Their presence at even low levels in water resources has been linked with fertility and development problems in fish and falling sperm count in human males.
Impacts and Issues
Industry has been forced to take measures to reduce its impact on the environment in recent years due to government regulation. Cleaner technologies may require investment in the short term but could save money in the end by reducing the use of raw materials and costs in dealing with emissions.
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